Question 1

______________descent is used in the United States for the purpose of determining kinship and inheritance rights; however, children typically take the father's last name.

Accepted Answer

Bilateral descent is used in the United States for the purpose of determining kinship and inheritance rights. This means that both the mother's and father's sides of the family are considered when determining family ties and inheritance. However, children typically take the father's last name, which is a separate aspect of cultural tradition rather than a factor in determining kinship and inheritance.

Question 2

Across cultures,______________ is the most common residential pattern.

Accepted Answer

Patrilocal residence is the most common residential pattern across cultures where the married couple lives with or near the husband's family. This is particularly prevalent in patriarchal societies where the inheritance and succession of property are passed down through the male line. Matrilocal residence, where the married couple lives with or near the wife's family, is comparatively rare, while multilocal residence and neolocal residence are more modern patterns that have emerged due to factors such as economic opportunities, individualism and increased mobility.

Question 3

Few societies have residential patterns known as ______________residence, which refers to the custom of a married couple living in the same household (or community) as the wife's parents.

Accepted Answer

Matrilocal residence refers to the custom of a married couple living in the same household (or community) as the wife's parents. Neolocal residence is the opposite, where a married couple establishes their own household separate from their parents' households. Patrilocal residence refers to a married couple living in the same household (or community) as the husband's parents. Multilocal residence refers to a married couple living in multiple households or communities.

Question 4

In industrialized nations such as the United States, most couples hope to live in a(n)______________ , which is the custom of a married couple living in their own residence apart from both the husband's and the wife's parents.

Accepted Answer

In industrialized nations such as the United States, the custom is for a married couple to live in a neolocal residence, which is their own separate household. Multilocal residence refers to living in more than one location or household, while patrilocal residence is the custom of a married couple living with the husband's family and matrilocal residence is the custom of a married couple living with the wife's family.

Question 5

______________is the concurrent marriage of one woman with two or more men.

Accepted Answer

Polyandry is the concurrent marriage of one woman with two or more men. Endogamy is the marriage between people of the same social group or category. Homogamy is the marriage between people who are similar in social and demographic characteristics. Polygyny is the concurrent marriage of one man with two or more women.

Question 6

Residential patterns are interrelated with the authority structure and method of tracing descent in families.______________ residence refers to the custom of a married couple living in the same household (or community) as the husband's family.

Accepted Answer

Patrilocal residence is the custom of a married couple living in the same household (or community) as the husband's family. Matrilocal residence refers to the custom of a married couple living in the same household (or community) as the wife's family. Multilocal residence refers to the custom of living in multiple locations. Neolocal residence refers to the custom of establishing a new household independent of the husband or wife's family.

Question 7

In a(n) ______________, the male authority figure acts as head of the household and holds power and authority over the women and children, as well as over other males.

Accepted Answer

The term "patriarchal" literally means "ruled by fathers." In a patriarchal family, the male figure (typically the father) holds power and authority over the other members of the family, including women, children, and other male family members. This type of family structure is common in many cultures around the world, although it is increasingly giving way to more egalitarian family structures in some societies.

Question 8

The most prevalent pattern of power and authority in families is______________ Across cultures, men are the primary decision makers regarding domestic, economic, and social concerns facing the family.

Accepted Answer

Patriarchy refers to a social system in which men hold primary power and authority, and this is the most common pattern of power and authority in families across cultures. Men are typically viewed as the head of the household and the primary decision-makers, while women are expected to be submissive and deferential to male authority. This pattern of power and authority can have significant impacts on the well-being of all family members, particularly women and children, who may experience various forms of oppression and marginalization.

Question 9

A(n)______________ family is a family structure in which authority is held by the eldest female (usually the mother).

Accepted Answer

In a matriarchal family, the authority is held by the eldest female, usually the mother. This is in contrast to a patriarchal family where authority is held by the eldest male. An egalitarian family has equal power dynamics between members, and a homogamous family refers to a couple who shares similar traits (such as race, religion, or education level).

Question 10

In preindustrial societies, kinship is usually traced through one parent (unilineally). The most common pattern of unilineal descent is______________ , which is a system of tracing descent through the father's side of the family.

Accepted Answer

Patrilineal descent is the most common pattern of unilineal descent in preindustrial societies, which traces descent through the father's side of the family. Patriarchal descent refers to a social system where men hold power and authority in the family, whereas patrilocal descent refers to a residence pattern where a married couple lives with or near the husband's family. Patricentric descent is not a commonly used term in anthropology.

Question 11

______________systems are set up in such a manner that a legitimate son inherits his father's property and sometimes his position upon the father's death.

Accepted Answer

Patrilineal systems are based on the principle of inheritance through the male line, with a father's property and position being passed down to his legitimate son upon his death. Patrilocal refers to a residence pattern where a woman moves to live with her husband's family, while patricentric and patriarchal both refer to social systems where men hold greater power and authority than women.

Question 12

______________is the concurrent marriage of one man with two or more women.

Accepted Answer

Polygyny is the concurrent marriage of one man with two or more women.

Question 13

Kinship in industrial societies is usually traced through both parents (bilineally). The most common form is______________ , which is a system of tracing descent through both the mother's and father's sides of the family.

Accepted Answer

Bilateral descent is the system of tracing descent through both the mother's and father's sides of the family, which is the most common form of kinship in industrial societies. Lateral descent is the system of tracing descent only through siblings, while matrilocal and neolocal descent refer to the location of the couple's residence, rather than the system of tracing descent.

Question 14

Even with the less common pattern of ______________, which is a system of tracing descent through the mother's side of the family, women may not control property.

Accepted Answer

Matrilineal descent is a system of tracing descent through the mother's side of the family, but this does not necessarily mean that women have control over property. The two concepts are not directly connected, and property rights and control vary depending on cultural and societal norms.

Question 15

______________is very rare. When it does occur, it is typically found in societies where men greatly outnumber women because of high rates of female infanticide.

Accepted Answer

Polyandry, which is the practice of one woman having multiple husbands, is very rare and is typically found in societies where men greatly outnumber women due to high rates of female infanticide. Homogamy refers to the tendency of people to marry those who are similar to them, endogamy refers to marrying within one's own social or cultural group, and polygyny refers to the practice of one man having multiple wives.

Question 16

The most prevalent form of polygamy is ______________.

Accepted Answer

Polygyny is the most prevalent form of polygamy, which refers to a man having multiple wives at the same time. Polyandry is the opposite, where a woman has multiple husbands at the same time, and is much rarer. Homogamy refers to the tendency for people to marry others who are similar to them in terms of religion, ethnicity, education, etc. Endogamy refers to the practice of marrying within one's own social group, such as a specific caste or tribe. None of these options are forms of polygamy.

Question 17

Although there has been a great deal of discussion about ______________, scholars have found no historical evidence to indicate that true types of this familial power and authority ever existed.

Accepted Answer

While there have been theories and speculation about matriarchal societies, there is no historical evidence to support the existence of true matriarchal families, where women held power and authority over men. Patriarchal families, on the other hand, have been well-documented in history and continue to exist in many cultures today. Egalitarian and homogamous families are concepts referring to equality and similarity in familial relationships, respectively, and are not relevant to the question of historical evidence.

Question 18

______________is the term for concurrent marriage of a person of one sex with two or more members of the opposite sex.

Accepted Answer

Polygamy is the term for concurrent marriage of a person of one sex with two or more members of the opposite sex. Monogamy refers to marrying only one person at a time, Homogamy refers to marrying someone who is similar to oneself in terms of background, education, etc., and Endogamy refers to marrying within one's own social, cultural, or religious group.

Question 19

A(n) ______________family is a family structure in which authority is held by the eldest male (usually the father).

Accepted Answer

In a patriarchal family, the eldest male (usually the father) holds the authority and typically makes the important decisions for the family. A matriarchal family, on the other hand, is a family structure in which authority is held by the eldest female (usually the mother). An egalitarian family is one in which authority is shared between all family members equally and decisions are made collectively. Homogamous refers to a marriage between individuals who share similar characteristics, such as age, race, or religion.

Question 20

In ______________systems, inheritance of property and position is usually traced from the maternal uncle (mother's brother) to his nephew (mother's son). In some cases, mothers may pass on their property to daughters.

Accepted Answer

In matrilineal systems, inheritance is traced through the mother's lineage, which means that property and position are often passed on from the mother's brother to his nephew (mother's son), and in some cases, mothers may pass on their property to their daughters as well. Matricentric refers to a society where the mother or the female head of the family holds the central position, but it does not necessarily imply a system of inheritance. Matrilocal refers to a society where the married couple resides with or near the wife's family, but again, it does not necessarily imply a system of inheritance. Matriarchal refers to a society where women hold the primary power and authority, but this does not necessarily imply a specific system of inheritance.

Quiz 12: Education and Religion