Question 1

A 30-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting fatigue,excessive sweating,and increased appetite.Physical examination reveals protruding eyes,and laboratory testing reveals hyperthyroidism secondary to autoantibody production.This disorder falls into the category of type _____ hypersensitivity.

Accepted Answer

The patient is experiencing type II hypersensitivity.In hyperthyroidism,autoantibody binds to and activates receptors for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)(a pituitary hormone that controls the production of the hormone thyroxine by the thyroid).
The patient is experiencing a type II reaction,not type I,which is the most common type of allergic reaction.
The patient is experiencing a type II reaction,not type III,which is not organ specific.
The patient is experiencing a type II reaction; type IV is a delayed reaction.

Question 2

Several prisoners are experiencing symptoms of tuberculosis.A tuberculin reaction test was ordered.This test is an example of type _____ hypersensitivity.

Accepted Answer

Tuberculosis testing is an example of type IV hypersensitivity.
Tuberculosis testing is an example of type IV hypersensitivity,not type I.
Tuberculosis testing is an example of type IV hypersensitivity,not type II.
Tuberculosis testing is an example of type IV hypersensitivity,not type III.

Question 3

A 40-year-old female is diagnosed with SLE.Which of the following findings would be considered a symptom of this disease?

Accepted Answer

Photosensitivity is one of the 11 common clinical findings in SLE.
Gastrointestinal ulcers are not a finding in SLE.
Proteinuria is a symptom of SLE.
A rash on the face is a symptom,but not a rash on the body.

Question 4

A 30-year-old male is having difficulty breathing and has been spitting blood.He reports that he began experiencing this reaction after cleaning his pigeons' cages.Testing reveals he is suffering from allergic alveolitis.Which of the following is he experiencing?

Accepted Answer

The Arthus reaction is a model of localized or cutaneous reactions.
Serum sickness-type reactions are caused by the formation of immune complexes in the blood and their subsequent generalized deposition in target tissues.Typically affected tissues are the blood vessels,joints,and kidneys.
Raynaud phenomenon is a condition caused by the temperature-dependent deposition of immune complexes in the capillary beds of the peripheral circulation.
Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity is a type II form.

Question 5

When a patient presents at the emergency department for an allergic reaction,the nurse recognizes the most severe consequence of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is:

Accepted Answer

The most rapid and severe immediate hypersensitivity type I reaction is anaphylaxis.
Urticaria,or hives,is a dermal (skin)manifestation of allergic reactions.
Hives and urticaria are similar responses.
ADCC is a mechanism that involves natural killer (NK)cells.Antibodies on the target cell are recognized by Fc receptors on the NK cells,which release toxic substances that destroy the target cell.

Question 6

While planning care,a nurse recalls seasonal allergic rhinitis is expressed through:

Accepted Answer

Seasonal allergic rhinitis is expressed through IgE-mediated reactions.
Tissue-specific reaction is an autoimmune reaction.
Antigen-antibody reactions are type III and are organ specific.
Type II hypersensitivity reactions are tissue specific.

Question 7

A patient presents with poison ivy on the extremities,face,and buttocks.This condition is an example of:

Accepted Answer

The response to poison ivy is a delayed hypersensitivity because it takes up 72 hours to develop.
Anaphylaxis is immediate.
Serum sickness-type reactions are caused by the formation of immune complexes in the blood and their subsequent generalized deposition in target tissues.
Poison ivy is not a viral disease.

Question 8

A 30-year-old female complains of fatigue,arthritis,rash,and changes in urine color.Laboratory testing reveals anemia,lymphopenia,and kidney inflammation.Assuming a diagnosis of SLE,which of the following is also likely to be present?

Accepted Answer

The presence of antinuclear antibodies is a diagnostic criterion for SLE.
The presence of antinuclear antibodies is a diagnostic criterion for SLE.It would be positive LE.
The presence of antinuclear antibodies is a diagnostic criterion for SLE,not antiherpes.
The presence of antinuclear antibodies is a diagnostic criterion for SLE,not anti-CMV.

Question 9

A 10-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting wheezing and difficulty breathing.History reveals that both of the child's parents suffer from allergies.Which of the following terms would be used to classify the child?

Accepted Answer

Atopic individuals are genetically predisposed to the development of allergies.
Desensitization is a term used to describe the process of reducing the severity to allergies.
Hypersensitivity is an altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease or damage to the individual.
Autoimmunity is a disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-antigens.

Question 10

A 5-year-old female takes a hike through the woods during a school field trip.Upon returning home,she hugs her father,and he later develops poison ivy.Which of the following immune reactions is he experiencing?

Accepted Answer

Secondary contact activates a type IV cell-mediated reaction that causes dermatitis.
The father's response is a secondary,cell mediated,not a primary type IgE mediated.
The father's response is secondary,not tissue specific.
The father's response is a type IV,not an immune complex response.

Question 11

What is the chance that two siblings share both HLA haplotypes,making them a good match for an organ transplant from one to the other?

Accepted Answer

Odds dictate that children will share one haplotype with half their siblings and either no haplotypes or both haplotypes with a quarter of their siblings.Thus,the chance of finding a match among siblings is much higher (25%)than the general population.
100% is too high; the chance is 25%.
75% is too high; the chance is 25%.
50% is too high; the chance is 25%.

Question 12

When a nurse cares for a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE),the nurse remembers this disease is an example of:

Accepted Answer

SLE is the most common,complex,and serious of the autoimmune disorders.
SLE is an autoimmune disorder,not alloimmune.
SLE is an autoimmune disorder not homoimmune.
SLE is an autoimmune disorder not alleimmune.

Question 13

Which information would indicate more teaching is needed regarding hypersensitivity reactions? Type _______ hypersensitivity reactions involve an antibody response.

Accepted Answer

Type IV reactions are mediated by T lymphocytes and do not involve antibodies.
Type I reactions involve antibody responses.
Type II reactions involve antibody responses.
Type III reactions involve antibody responses.

Question 14

A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard.He begins itching and develops pain,swelling,redness,and respiratory difficulties.He is suffering from:

Accepted Answer

Anaphylaxis occurs within minutes of reexposure to the antigen and can be either systemic (generalized)or cutaneous (localized).
Immunodeficiency is a decrease in the immune response.
Autoimmunity is a disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-antigens.
Tissue-specific reaction is an autoimmune reaction.

Question 15

In addition to matching ABO antigens,a blood transfusion must also be matched for:

Accepted Answer

Blood transfusions must also be matched for the Rh antigen.
Blood transfusions do not need to be matched to HLA.
Blood transfusions do not need to be matched to immunoglobulins.
Blood transfusions do not need to be matched to platelet compatibility.

Question 16

When a nurse notices that a patient has type O blood,the nurse realizes that anti-_____ antibodies are present in the patient's body.

Accepted Answer

Type O individuals have both anti-A and anti-B antibodies.
Type O individuals have both A and B antibodies.
Type O individuals have both A and B antibodies.
Type O individuals will have A and B antibodies,but not O.

Question 17

A nurse recalls an example of an immune-complex-mediated disease is:

Accepted Answer

Immune-complex disease can be a systemic reaction,such as serum sickness and related to type III reactions.
Bronchial asthma is not an immune-complex mediated disease and related to type I reactions.
Contact dermatitis is related to type IV reactions.
Rheumatoid arthritis is related to type IV reactions.

Question 18

When a patient asks the nurse what hypersensitivity is,how should the nurse respond? Hypersensitivity is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

Hypersensitivity is an altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease or damage to the individual.
Hypersensitivity is not a reduced immune response.
Hypersensitivity is not a normal response to an infectious agent.
Antigenic desensitization is performed to decrease hypersensitivity.

Question 19

When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus,what type of immune reaction occurs?

Accepted Answer

Alloimmunity can be observed during immunologic reactions against transfusions,transplanted tissue,or the fetus during pregnancy.
Autoimmunity is a disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-antigens.
The most rapid and severe immediate hypersensitivity reaction is anaphylaxis.
An allergic response occurs related to exposure to an allergen.

Question 20

When histamine is released in the body,which of the following responses would the nurse expect?

Accepted Answer

Increased vascular permeability leads to edema and is a direct response to histamine.
Histamine produces bronchoconstriction.
Histamine produces vasodilation.
Histamine does not produce constipation; it increases gastric acidity.

Quiz 7: Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense