Question 1

A 7-month-old female presents with jaundice,clay-colored stool,and failure to gain weight.Testing reveals the absence of intrahepatic bile ducts.This condition is referred to as _____ atresia.
A) Hepatic
B) Portal
C) Sinusoidal
D) Biliary

Accepted Answer

Jaundice is the primary clinical manifestation of biliary atresia,along with hepatomegaly and acholic (clay-colored)stools.
Jaundice is the primary clinical manifestation of biliary atresia,not hepatic atresia,along with hepatomegaly and acholic (clay-colored)stools.
Jaundice is the primary clinical manifestation of biliary atresia,not portal atresia,along with hepatomegaly and acholic (clay-colored)stools.
Jaundice is the primary clinical manifestation of biliary atresia,not sinusoidal atresia,along with hepatomegaly and acholic (clay-colored)stools.

Question 2

Early identification and treatment for metabolic disorders is important because:
A) Permanent damage to vital organs can be prevented.
B) Surgery is usually necessary.
C) Cure rates are higher with early detection.
D) Death usually occurs within the first month.

Accepted Answer

The earliest possible identification of metabolic disorders is essential because early treatment may prevent permanent damage to vital organs,such as the liver or brain.
Surgery is not the treatment in most of the metabolic disorders; they are controlled by dietary modifications.
A cure is not possible in most disorders.
Death does not occur in the first month; dietary control is effective.

Question 3

Outbreaks of hepatitis _____ often occur in young children attending day care centers and can be attributed to poor hand washing.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Accepted Answer

Outbreaks of hepatitis A occur in condition where poor hand washing occurs.
Hepatitis B is blood borne and not related to hand washing.
Hepatitis C is blood borne and not related to hand washing.
Hepatitis D is blood borne and depends on an active HIV infection.

Question 4

When an infant has increased bilirubin production and impaired hepatic excretion of bilirubin,what does the nurse suspect is occurring in the patient?
A) Biliary hypertrophy
B) Physiologic jaundice
C) Hepatitis A
D) Infantile cirrhosis

Accepted Answer

Impaired excretion of bilirubin can lead to physiologic jaundice.
Impaired excretion of bilirubin can lead to physiologic jaundice,not biliary hypertrophy.
Impaired excretion of bilirubin can lead to physiologic jaundice,not hepatitis A.
Impaired excretion of bilirubin can lead to physiologic jaundice,not cirrhosis.

Question 5

A newborn male is diagnosed with cleft palate.The pediatrician counsels the parents that complications of cleft palate include (select all that apply):
A) Tonsil hypertrophy
B) Recurrent paranasal infections
C) Difficulty breathing
D) Excessive dental decay
E) Hearing loss

Accepted Answer

Children with cleft palate tend to have tonsil hypertrophy,tend to have repeated infections of the paranasal sinuses,do not experience difficulty breathing,experience excessive dental decay,and experience hearing loss.

Question 6

The nurse would correctly identify the most common symptom of Meckel diverticulum as:
A) Constipation
B) Vomiting
C) Rectal bleeding
D) Ascites

Accepted Answer

Although most Meckel diverticuli are asymptomatic,the most common symptom is painless rectal bleeding.
The most common symptom of Meckel diverticuli is rectal bleeding,not constipation.
The most common symptom of Meckel diverticuli is rectal bleeding,not vomiting.
The most common symptom of Meckel diverticuli is rectal bleeding,not ascites.

Question 7

A 7-month-old female presents with jaundice,clay-colored stool,and failure to gain weight.She is diagnosed with biliary atresia.The nurse realizes the treatment for this disorder will most likely be:
A) Immunoglobulins
B) Liver transplant
C) Bone marrow transplant
D) Dietary modifications

Accepted Answer

The treatment for biliary atresia is liver transplant.
The treatment for biliary atresia is liver transplant,not immunoglobulins.
The treatment for biliary atresia is liver transplant,not bone marrow transplant.
The treatment for biliary atresia is liver transplant,not dietary modifications.

Question 8

A 27-year-old male presents with fever,GI bleeding,hepatomegaly,and transient joint pain.He reports that as a child he received blood transfusions following a motor vehicle accident.He also indicates he was vaccinated against hepatitis B.Which of the following types of hepatitis does the clinician think he most likely has?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis C virus is transmitted with blood transfusions.
Hepatitis A is transmitted in situations where there are unsanitary conditions or poor hand washing.
Hepatitis B is transmitted by blood transfusions,but the individual has been vaccinated to this type of hepatitis.
Hepatitis D is dependent upon the presence of hepatitis B infection.

Question 9

Which of the following are complications of gastroesophageal reflux? (Select all that apply.)
A) Aspiration pneumonia
B) Anemia
C) Weight loss
D) Delayed growth
E) Hepatomegaly

Accepted Answer

Aspiration pneumonia develops in one-third of infants with gastroesophageal reflux.In cases that persist into childhood,chronic cough,wheezing,and recurrent pneumonia are common.Inadequate retention of nutrients can adversely impact growth and weight gain.Esophagitis resulting from exposure of the esophageal mucosa to acidic gastric contents is manifested by pain,bleeding,and eventually stricture formation and abnormal motility.Approximately 25% have iron deficiency anemia caused by frank or occult blood loss.Hepatomegaly is not a complication of gastroesophageal reflux.

Question 10

A 3-month-old female presents with intention tremors,dystonia,greenish-yellow rings in the cornea,and hepatomegaly.Tests reveal a defect on chromosome 13.Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Galactosemia
B) Fructosemia
C) Wilson disease
D) Cirrhosis

Accepted Answer

Wilson disease is manifested by dystonia and greenish-yellow rings in the cornea.
Galactosemia is manifested by high levels of blood galactose and vomiting.
Fructosemia is manifested by high levels of blood fructose and hepatomegaly,but not dystonia and rings in the cornea.
Cirrhosis is manifested by hepatomegaly,but not dystonia and greenish-yellow rings in the cornea.

Question 11

The nurse assessing the patient with biliary atresia would expect to find which primary clinical manifestation?
A) Anemia
B) Jaundice
C) Hypobilirubinemia
D) Ascites

Accepted Answer

The primary clinical manifestation is jaundice.
The primary clinical manifestation is jaundice,not anemia.
The primary clinical manifestation is jaundice,not hypobilirubinemia; it would be hyperbilirubinemia.
The primary clinical manifestation is jaundice; ascites occurs with other liver disorders,but not atresia.

Question 12

Where does the nurse expect the obstruction to be in a patient with extrahepatic portal hypertension?
A) Sinusoids
B) Bile ducts
C) Hepatic portal vein
D) Hepatic artery

Accepted Answer

Extrahepatic (prehepatic)portal venous obstruction causes 50% to 70% of extrahepatic portal hypertension in children.
Sinusoids can be inflamed,but would not lead to hypertension.
Obstruction of the bile ducts would lead to interruption in the flow of bile to the duodenum; it would not cause hypertension.
The obstruction is in the vein,not the artery.

Quiz 35: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

A 7-month-old female presents with jaundice,clay-colored stool,and failure to gain weight.Testing reveals the absence of intrahepatic bile ducts.This condition is referred to as _____ atresia.

Early identification and treatment for metabolic disorders is important because:

Outbreaks of hepatitis _____ often occur in young children attending day care centers and can be attributed to poor hand washing.

When an infant has increased bilirubin production and impaired hepatic excretion of bilirubin,what does the nurse suspect is occurring in the patient?

A newborn male is diagnosed with cleft palate.The pediatrician counsels the parents that complications of cleft palate include (select all that apply) :

The nurse would correctly identify the most common symptom of Meckel diverticulum as:

A 7-month-old female presents with jaundice,clay-colored stool,and failure to gain weight.She is diagnosed with biliary atresia.The nurse realizes the treatment for this disorder will most likely be:

Which of the following are complications of gastroesophageal reflux? (Select all that apply.)

A 3-month-old female presents with intention tremors,dystonia,greenish-yellow rings in the cornea,and hepatomegaly.Tests reveal a defect on chromosome 13.Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

The nurse assessing the patient with biliary atresia would expect to find which primary clinical manifestation?

Where does the nurse expect the obstruction to be in a patient with extrahepatic portal hypertension?