Question 1

The baroreceptors are usually no longer functional in the presence of hypertension.

Accepted Answer

Baroreceptors are still functional in the presence of hypertension, but they may become less sensitive as the body adjusts to higher blood pressure levels.

Question 2

Arteries that have lowered compliance are not as elastic.

Accepted Answer

Compliance refers to the ability of a structure to expand and contract in response to pressure changes. Arteries with lowered compliance have decreased ability to expand and contract due to reduced elasticity, which can lead to hypertension or other vascular diseases.

Question 3

Cardiovascular changes associated with exercise can be accounted for by local metabolic influences on skeletal muscle arterioles coupled with adjustments via the baroreceptor reflex.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cardiovascular changes associated with exercise can be...

Question 4

Hyperaemia occurs in response to circulating epinephrine.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hyperaemia occurs in response to circulating epinephrine....

Question 5

Measurement of arterial pressure using a sphygmomanometer is possible because turbulent blood flow that occurs as arterial pressure overcomes a partially occluded artery, and can be heard by a stethoscope placed just over the artery.

Accepted Answer

This is a correct description of how arterial pressure is measured using a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope.

Question 6

Organs that do not adjust the blood are more vulnerable to reductions in blood flow than are organs that perform homeostatic functions on the blood.

Accepted Answer

Organs that perform homeostatic functions on the blood, such as the kidneys and liver, have built-in mechanisms to regulate blood flow and maintain their own blood supply. Organs that do not have this ability, such as the brain and heart, are more vulnerable to reductions in blood flow and are therefore considered more vital organs.

Question 7

During exercise, blood flow to the digestive tract is increased by dilation of the arterioles of the digestive tract.

Accepted Answer

During exercise, blood flow is redirected away from the digestive tract to the working muscles, lungs, and heart. The arterioles of the digestive tract actually constrict, reducing blood flow and oxygenation to this area.

Question 8

Increased tissue respiration rates cause local vasodilation of arterioles.

Accepted Answer

Increased tissue respiration rates lead to increased metabolic demands, which in turn cause local vasodilation of arterioles to increase blood flow and deliver more oxygen and nutrients to the tissues.

Question 9

The regulation of blood flow in the arterioles of the brain is under the control of mainly the sympathetic nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The regulation of blood flow in the arterioles of the brain is primarily under the control of the local metabolic demands of the brain tissue, such as the need for oxygen and glucose. The sympathetic nervous system can also have an impact on arteriolar tone, but it is not the primary regulator.

Question 10

At any point in time, most of the blood flow in the body is contained in the capillaries.

Accepted Answer

Most of the blood flow in the body is actually contained in the veins and venules, with only a small percentage in the capillaries at any given time.

Question 11

Plasma proteins are responsible for the plasma-colloid osmotic pressure.

Accepted Answer

Plasma proteins, specifically albumin, are responsible for the plasma-colloid osmotic pressure.

Question 12

The ultimate function of the circulatory system is accomplished by the heart.

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

If driving pressure is constant, flow will double when the radius increases by twofold.

Accepted Answer

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Question 14

If the diastolic pressure and systolic pressure were both increased by 18 mmHg, then the pulse pressure would be increased by 19 mmHg.

Accepted Answer

The pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure. If both the systolic and diastolic pressure are increased by the same amount, the difference, or pulse pressure, remains the same. Therefore, the pulse pressure would not increase by 19 mmHg but instead remain the same.

Question 15

A major function of the arteries is to serve as a blood reservoir.

Accepted Answer

Arteries are not typically considered blood reservoirs. The veins, on the other hand, function as a blood reservoir, meaning they hold a large portion of the body's blood volume and can release it as needed.

Question 16

Oedema refers to excess interstitial fluid.

Accepted Answer

Oedema is the accumulation of excess interstitial fluid in the tissues, leading to swelling and discomfort.

Question 17

Local control mechanisms can override sympathetic control of changes in the size of arterioles.

Accepted Answer

Local control mechanisms such as metabolic factors, myogenic response, and endothelial factors can override sympathetic control and regulate the size of arterioles.

Question 18

Arteriolar resistance is regulated by both local controls and extrinsic controls.

Accepted Answer

Arteriolar resistance can be regulated by both local controls, such as metabolic demands and myogenic responses, and extrinsic controls, such as sympathetic nerve activity and circulating hormones.

Question 19

As the concentration of red blood cells increases in the blood, the viscosity of the blood increases.

Accepted Answer

This is true. As the concentration of red blood cells increases, the blood becomes thicker and more resistant to flow, which increases its viscosity. This can have negative effects on circulation and overall health.

Question 20

The skeletal muscle pump adds to the effect of gravity on the venous system.

Accepted Answer

The skeletal muscle pump helps to promote venous return by squeezing the veins and pushing blood towards the heart. This effect adds to the force of gravity on the venous system.

Quiz 8: Muscle Physiology