Question 1

Today,most psychologists define _________ as our awareness of ourselves and our environment.

Accepted Answer

Consciousness is commonly defined as our awareness of both internal (thoughts, emotions) and external (sensory input) stimuli. Mentalishness and sentience are not commonly used terms in psychology, and wakefulness refers specifically to a state of being awake rather than overall awareness.

Question 2

Thanks to the __________ function of consciousness,we don't waste our attention on information that is not immediately relevant to our situations or salient to our own lives.

Accepted Answer

D

Question 3

According to research into an animal's ability to recognize its own reflection in a mirror,which of the following species has been found to possess self-consciousness?

Accepted Answer

B

Question 4

Ira was watching television in his living room,while his wife Michelle was watching a television in the kitchen.Even though they were watching two completely different channels and could both hear the television from the other room,they were each able to focus on their own television program without loss of concentration or enjoyment.This is an example of the __________ function of consciousness.

Accepted Answer

Selective storage is the function of consciousness that allows us to focus on one thing while ignoring other things. In this case, Ira and Michelle were able to focus on their own television programs without being distracted by the other television program.

Question 5

The __________ function is an aspect of consciousness that helps people inhibit urges they have that are not moral,ethical,or practical; it equips people with the conscious self-awareness necessary to analyze and evaluate their thoughts before they act on those thoughts.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The __________ function is an aspect of...

Question 6

__________ is the study of individual consciousness that addresses subjective experience.

Accepted Answer

Phenomenology is the study of subjective experience or individual consciousness. Symbology is the study of symbols and their meanings. Existentialism is a philosophical movement focused on individual existence and freedom. Conscriptology is not a recognized field of study.

Question 7

Which level of consciousness includes metacognition?

Accepted Answer

Full consciousness includes metacognition, which is the awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes.

Question 8

Which of the following levels of consciousness represents the highest level of awareness or alertness?

Accepted Answer

Full consciousness represents the highest level of awareness or alertness, as it includes being fully awake and aware of one's surroundings, thoughts, and feelings. Minimal consciousness is a state in which there is limited awareness and responsiveness, self-consciousness refers to being aware of oneself as a distinct entity, and altered states of consciousness refer to states in which a person's perceptions and experiences are different from their usual waking state.

Question 9

Which of the following is a type of consciousness with which we interact on a regular basis?

Accepted Answer

Nonconscious activities refer to mental activities or processes that occur without our awareness, such as automatic bodily functions, implicit biases, and implicit memories. We interact with nonconscious processes on a regular basis, even though we are not aware of their influence. Subconscious and retroconscious processing refer to specific types of conscious processes that are not as commonly encountered in our daily lives. Duplicated-conscious information is not a recognized term in the field of psychology.

Question 10

Freud believed that we bury information in the unconscious through the process of __________.

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that repression is a process where unpleasant or traumatic experiences and emotions are pushed into the unconscious to avoid conscious awareness. This concept is a cornerstone in his theory of psychoanalysis.

Question 11

Gwen is very impulsive and often acts without thinking.Some of her behaviors are not entirely moral or ethical,but she tends to have difficulty taking a moment to stop and think before she acts.Which of her conscious processes is failing to do its job effectively?

Accepted Answer

Gwen's planning function is responsible for inhibiting impulsive behavior and weighing the consequences of her actions. Since she tends to act without thinking, it suggests that her planning function is not effectively functioning. The other options, such as the suprachiasmatic nucleus of her hypothalamus, nonconscious processing, and circadian rhythm, are not directly linked to her impulsive behavior.

Question 12

__________ activity is a process that occurs in the body that people do not have to actively monitor or regulate.

Accepted Answer

Nonconscious activity refers to bodily processes that occur automatically without conscious monitoring or regulation. This can include things like respiration, digestion, and heartbeat. Unconscious activity, on the other hand, refers to mental processes that occur outside of conscious awareness, such as dreams or implicit biases. Altered conscious activity refers to changes in one's level of awareness, such as during hypnosis or drug use. Preconscious activity refers to mental processes that are not currently in conscious awareness but can be easily retrieved with effort, such as memories or plans.

Question 13

Marquis is a graduate student in psychology,and his particular area of study involves a focus on individual consciousness that addresses a person's subjective experiences.Marquis is studying __________.

Accepted Answer

Phenomenology is a branch of philosophy and psychology that focuses on the subjective experiences of an individual. A graduate student in psychology who focuses on studying individual consciousness and subjective experiences is likely studying phenomenology.

Question 14

Professor Stein tells his class,"I'm going to ask you a question,and I want you to think of the answer as fast as possible.What did you have for dinner last night?" The fact that the students were not actively thinking about the previous night's meal but were able to rapidly bring that information into their awareness suggests that the information was stored in the __________.

Accepted Answer

The term "preconscious" refers to information that is not currently in our awareness but can be easily retrieved if needed. This is likely where the information about the previous night's meal was stored for the students to quickly access. The other options (unconscious, subconscious, nonconscious) generally refer to information that is not readily accessible to our conscious awareness.

Question 15

The __________ unconscious refers to a collection of mental processes that affect the way a person feels or behaviors,even though he or she is not consciously aware of them.

Accepted Answer

The cognitive unconscious refers to the mental processes that influence thoughts, feelings, and behaviors without an individual's conscious awareness, aligning with the description provided.

Question 16

"Thinking about your own thoughts" is called __________.

Accepted Answer

"Thinking about your own thoughts" is the definition of metacognition, which is the ability to reflect on and monitor one's own cognitive processes. Self-consciousness refers to the awareness of one's own existence and feelings, but it is not specific to thinking about one's own thoughts. Reversed cognition and minimal consciousness are not related to this concept.

Question 17

Self-_________ occurs when we notice our own successes,and self-__________ occurs when we notice our own shortcomings.

Accepted Answer

Self-evaluation is the process of assessing one's own performance or behavior, which includes recognizing and acknowledging one's successes. On the other hand, self-criticism is the process of being critical or judgmental of one's own actions, behavior or decisions. Therefore, option A is the best choice as it correctly identifies both the positive and negative aspects of self-observation.

Question 18

Which of the following is an effective method of inducing an altered state of consciousness?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is an effective...

Question 19

According to the selective __________ function of consciousness,we are able to selectively analyze,interpret,and act on stimuli.In other words,we can choose which events in our surroundings we want to pay attention to and which we want to disregard.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the selective __________ function of...

Question 20

Jason and his wife Mitzi often disagree about the colors of her outfits.Mitzi loves to wear a pink blouse with brown pants,while Jason feels that pink and brown do not 'go together' in a good way.On the one hand,this may simply reflect different opinions about colors.On the other hand,this may reflect the fact that they have a fundamental difference in perception of what brown and pink look like.This difficulty knowing the consciousness of others is known as the __________.

Accepted Answer

The difficulty of knowing the consciousness of others, as described in the scenario, is known as the problem of other minds, making option A the best choice. The other options, such as the fundamental attribution error, consciousness discontinuity effect, and perceptual chasm, do not fit the scenario or definition of the problem of other minds.

Quiz 6: Consciousness