Question 1

Which is MOST helpful in relieving the symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)in a school setting?

Accepted Answer

Regular recess breaks and presenting tasks in a gaming format can help children with ADHD relieve symptoms by allowing them to release energy and engage in a fun, interactive way. A noise-free environment can be helpful for some students but may not be enough to address symptoms on its own. Sitting in a classroom for long periods of time can be challenging for children with ADHD, and power-assertion discipline is not recommended as it can exacerbate behavior issues.

Question 2

A core quality that allowed human beings to advance as a species is language.

Accepted Answer

Language allowed humans to communicate complex ideas, pass down knowledge, and work together in more efficient ways, which ultimately led to advancements in technology, science, and culture.

Question 3

In general,boys are better at gross motor tasks,while girls excel at fine motor skills.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that on average, boys tend to perform better at gross motor skills such as running, jumping, and throwing, while girls tend to excel in fine motor skills such as handwriting, threading beads, and tying shoelaces. However, it's important to note that there are always exceptions and individual differences within each gender.

Question 4

Animism refers to the idea that nonliving things,such as stuffed animals,have consciousness.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Animism refers to the idea that nonliving...

Question 5

Fan Ling and her son are in the swimming pool together.Instead of saying,"no mommy under" when he protests going under the water,he says,"I no under water." Her son is learning the arrangement of words and phrases to create a well-formed sentence;this is known as:

Accepted Answer

Syntax refers to the arrangement of words and phrases to create a well-formed sentence, which is what Fan Ling's son is learning. Inner speech is a term used to describe when we talk to ourselves mentally. Comprehension refers to understanding language and communication. Intonation refers to the rise and fall of pitch when speaking.

Question 6

Children in the preoperational stage of cognitive development focus on the way things immediately appear.

Accepted Answer

This is a characteristic of the preoperational stage according to Piaget's theory of cognitive development. Children in this stage lack the ability to understand conservation, which means they focus on the way objects appear in their current state rather than understanding that the object's properties remain the same even if the appearance changes.

Question 7

Jean Piaget's concept of centering refers to a child's tendency to focus on the most striking _____ feature of a substance,and _____ other dimensions.

Accepted Answer

Piaget's concept of centering relates to a child's cognitive limitation of attending to only one salient feature of an object, usually the visual feature, while ignoring other dimensions or aspects of the same object. Therefore, the best choice is D - visual;ignore.

Question 8

When 3-year-old Charlie's father came home one evening,he asked Charlie what he had done that day.Charlie replied,"I sawed two deer outside and goed to see them." Charlie has committed the language mistake known as:

Accepted Answer

Overregularization is a language mistake commonly made by young children when they apply regular grammatical rules to irregular words. In this case, Charlie has incorrectly used the past tense of "go" (went) with the irregular verb "saw." The correct past tense of "see" is "saw," but Charlie has applied the regular rule of adding "ed" to the end of a verb to make it past tense. This mistake is a form of overregularization.

Question 9

The prevalence of preschool obesity rose during the past decade.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The prevalence of preschool obesity rose during...

Question 10

Using the false-belief task,researchers find that children under age _____ are not likely to have developed a "theory of mind."

Accepted Answer

Researchers have found that children under age 4 are not likely to have developed a "theory of mind," which is the ability to understand that other people have their own thoughts, beliefs, and feelings that may differ from their own. This is typically assessed through the false-belief task, in which children are asked to predict what a character in a story will do based on their mistaken beliefs about a situation. Children under age 4 tend to fail this task, suggesting that they have not yet developed a full understanding of others' mental states.

Question 11

Children decenter when they know that "the height makes up for the width."

Accepted Answer

Children learn to decenter when they understand that a change in one dimension (such as width) can be compensated for by a change in another dimension (such as height).

Question 12

According to Piaget's theory,children must be in concrete operations in order to really understand the rules of games such as soccer.

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory, children in the concrete operational stage (ages 7-11) are able to understand rules and constraints of logical thinking, including rules of games like soccer. Before this stage, children may struggle to comprehend the abstract concepts involved in game rules.

Question 13

Professor David is studying childhood cognitive abilities by watching children in her laboratory change the shape of a mound of clay.She then asks the children if the quantity of clay has changed.Professor David is investigating children's cognitive abilities using a _____ task.

Accepted Answer

Professor David is investigating if the children understand the concept of conservation, which refers to the understanding that the quantity of a substance remains the same even if its shape or arrangement is changed. Thus, the task involves determining if the children have developed the ability to conserve quantity.

Question 14

Theresa,who is 4 years old,thinks that her sister is a princess when she wears a tiara in her hair,and a servant when she wears old clothes.Theresa MOST likely is in the _____ stage of development,and has not developed the Piagetian concept of _____.

Accepted Answer

Theresa's belief that her sister can only be one thing (a princess or a servant) based on her appearance suggests that she does not yet understand the concept of identity constancy, which is a characteristic of the preoperational stage of development according to Piaget. Option A is incorrect because the formal operations stage, which includes abstract reasoning and hypothesis testing, does not typically occur until adolescence. Option B is incorrect because centering, or the tendency to focus on only one aspect of a problem or situation, is also typical of the preoperational stage.

Question 15

Vygotsky believed that people should allow children's cognitive skills to unfold on their own.

Accepted Answer

Vygotsky believed that children's cognitive skills are developed through social interactions with adults and more knowledgeable peers. He emphasized the role of scaffolding, where adults provide support and guidance to help children gradually acquire new skills and knowledge.

Question 16

In most areas of study,children suddenly move from preoperational thinking to concrete operations.

Accepted Answer

The transition from preoperational thinking to concrete operational thinking in children is generally gradual, not sudden, as they develop and refine their cognitive abilities over time.

Question 17

Taylor is 3-years old and has a cat named Rudy.At dinner,Taylor's mother says "Look! There is a cat." Taylor replies,"That not cat,cause that not Rudy!" Taylor's semantic mistake is called:

Accepted Answer

Taylor is demonstrating underextension, which occurs when a child incorrectly uses a word to describe a narrower set of objects or actions than it is meant to. In this case, Taylor is using the word "cat" to refer only to her own cat, Rudy, and not recognizing that the term applies to all cats.

Question 18

Worldwide,obesity is the most important issue affecting children's physical development.

Accepted Answer

While obesity is a significant issue affecting children's physical development, it is not universally considered the most important issue worldwide. Other factors such as malnutrition, access to healthcare, and infectious diseases also play crucial roles in different regions.

Question 19

The top-ranking health disorder among U.S.children in 2014,affecting about 4 million children,was:

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was the top-ranking health disorder among U.S. children in 2014, affecting about 6.1 million children aged 2-17.

Question 20

All of the following are true of obesity EXCEPT that:

Accepted Answer

The prevalence of obesity is increasing, but not necessarily at an accelerated rate.

Quiz 5: Physical and Cognitive Development

Which is MOST helpful in relieving the symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a school setting?