Question 1

One-week-old Gabrielle turns toward her mother every time she touches the baby's cheek.Gabrielle is demonstrating the _____ reflex.

Accepted Answer

The rooting reflex is when a newborn turns their head toward a touch on their cheek or a stroking of their lips, which helps with feeding.

Question 2

Frantic,continual newborn crying,also known as "colic," typically:

Accepted Answer

Colic typically disappears after the first three months of life. It is not caused by insensitive caregiving or whether the baby is breastfed or not.

Question 3

The human brain:

Accepted Answer

The human brain takes more than two decades to fully mature, as it continues to develop and refine neural connections through adolescence and young adulthood.

Question 4

Many women stop breast-feeding before their babies are six months of age because they:

Accepted Answer

Needing to go back to work is a common reason why women stop breastfeeding before their babies are six months old. It can be challenging to balance work and breastfeeding, especially if the mother's workplace does not have accommodations for pumping or breastfeeding breaks.

Question 5

Noam Chomsky believed that language is biologically programmed for humans.Chomsky's term for the hypothetical brain structure that allows humans to learn language is the _____ device.

Accepted Answer

Chomsky's term for the hypothetical brain structure that allows humans to learn language is the language acquisition device. Chomsky believed that this device is biologically programmed in humans and enables them to learn and understand language.

Question 6

A baby's brain is especially plastic because of excessive:

Accepted Answer

Synaptogenesis refers to the formation of new synaptic connections between neurons, which is a major process in brain development and plasticity. During early childhood, synaptogenesis occurs at an incredibly rapid rate, allowing for the brain to adapt and learn from new experiences. Myelination (A) refers to the insulation around neurons that increases the speed of electrical impulses, but is not the primary factor in brain plasticity. Frontal lobe quality (B) is not a term commonly used in neuroscience and does not accurately describe the plasticity of the brain. While formation of new neurons (D) also occurs during brain development, it is not as significant for brain plasticity as synaptogenesis.

Question 7

Preferential looking studies show that newborns demonstrate all of the following visual preferences EXCEPT that they prefer to look at:

Accepted Answer

There is no evidence that newborns have a preference for fathers over mothers in preferential looking studies.

Question 8

The sensory capabilities of young infants are measured using the _____ paradigm.

Accepted Answer

The preferential-looking paradigm involves presenting infants with two stimuli and measuring which one they look at longer. This can be used to measure their visual preferences and discrimination abilities, and is commonly used to study infants' face perception and other aspects of sensory development. Size constancy and habituation paradigms are also used in infant research, but do not specifically measure sensory capabilities in the same way as preferential-looking.

Question 9

The amount of synaptogenesis that occurs at 7 months of age appears to have a relationship to receptive language skills.All of the following are accurate regarding this relationship EXCEPT that:

Accepted Answer

Option D states the opposite of what the statement actually says. It states that higher grey matter concentration at 7 months of age causes deficits in receptive language ability at 12 months of age, whereas the statement says that the amount of synaptogenesis at 7 months of age is related to higher receptive language skills. The correct option should state that higher grey matter concentration at 7 months of age is positively associated with better receptive language skills at 12 months of age.

Question 10

The research strategy that is used to demonstrate infant depth perception is called:

Accepted Answer

The visual cliff experiment is a research strategy used to demonstrate infant depth perception. It involves an apparatus that creates the illusion of a cliff, testing whether infants can perceive depth and are hesitant to cross the perceived drop.

Question 11

Baby Henry's mother has given him a cup of juice with a straw from which to drink.Henry becomes frustrated when the juice does not come through the straw,so he removes it in order to suck the juice directly from the cup.In Jean Piaget's framework,Henry is demonstrating:

Accepted Answer

Henry is demonstrating means-end behavior, which refers to the understanding that there is a way (means) to achieve a goal (end). In this case, Henry's goal is to drink the juice, and when the straw does not work, he finds another way to achieve his goal by removing the straw and drinking directly from the cup.

Question 12

According to research,newborns spend the MOST time looking at:

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that newborns spend the most time looking at their mother's face, specifically at their eyes and mouth. This is believed to be an innate behavior that helps newborns develop social and emotional bonds with their primary caregiver.

Question 13

Baby Marcey recently surprised her mother by saying,"me milk" when asking for milk.Marcey's mother,knowing appropriate language milestones for an 18-month-old,recognizes that her daughter has just exhibited:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Baby Marcey recently surprised her mother by...

Question 14

Children who are excessively short because of a chronic lack of adequate nutrition suffer from a condition called:

Accepted Answer

Stunting is a condition in which children experience delayed growth due to a chronic lack of adequate nutrition. This can lead to them being excessively short for their age. Stuttering is a speech disorder, formula-fed deficiency is not a recognized medical condition, and anemia is a condition of low red blood cell count.

Question 15

Mothers and fathers use infant-directed speech with their babies because:

Accepted Answer

Babies are more attentive and responsive to infant-directed speech because it is characterized by a higher pitch, exaggerated intonation, and slow tempo. This type of speech helps babies to better understand language and aids in their language development. The other answer choices are not accurate or supported by research.

Question 16

According to the text,toddlers MOST likely avoid unfamiliar foods because:

Accepted Answer

Toddlers avoid unfamiliar foods as a protective mechanism to keep them from being poisoned. They are more likely to prefer familiar foods as a way to ensure safety.

Question 17

Humans spend the most time in REM sleep when they are _____ year(s)of age.

Accepted Answer

Infants spend the most time in REM sleep, which gradually decreases as they age. By the time a person reaches age 60, they spend very little time in REM sleep. Therefore, option B (0 to 1 year) is the best choice.

Question 18

By adulthood,human bodies have grown to about _____ times their newborn size.

Accepted Answer

By adulthood, human bodies have grown to about 21 times their newborn size.

Question 19

Co-sleeping:

Accepted Answer

Co-sleeping has been linked to an increased risk of SIDS. It is recommended that infants sleep on their backs in a separate crib or bassinet in the same room as their parents for the first 6-12 months of life to reduce the risk of SIDS.

Question 20

Baby Clara's favorite stuffed animal is placed under a blanket,and she looks under the cover to find it.Clara is demonstrating:

Accepted Answer

Clara is showing object permanence, which is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are not in view. By looking under the blanket to find her favorite stuffed animal, she is demonstrating that she believes the object is still present even though she cannot see it.

Quiz 3: Infancy: Physical and Cognitive Development