Question 1

Chyme moves from the stomach into the ________.
A)duodenum
B)colon
C)jejunum
D)ileum

Accepted Answer

Chyme moves from the stomach into the first part of the small intestine, called the duodenum, where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver to continue the digestion and absorption of nutrients.

Question 2

For several years,Corey has sufferered from intermittent abdominal pain along with bouts of diarrhea and constipation.According to Corey,his "bad guts" worsen whenever he is "stressed out" or eats certain foods,especially raw fruit and baked beans.His doctor has determined that his intestinal tract is not inflamed.Based on this information,Corey probably has ________.
A)ulcerative colitis
B)irritable bowel syndrome
C)Crohn's disease
D)gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Accepted Answer

Corey's symptoms (intermittent abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation) that worsen with stress and certain foods (raw fruit, baked beans) are consistent with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which is characterized by abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits without inflammation or structural abnormality. The other options (ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, GERD) are not likely because ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are types of inflammatory bowel disease that cause more severe symptoms and require medication to manage, while GERD typically causes heartburn and acid reflux symptoms.

Question 3

Which of the following compounds is secreted by the human stomach?
A)Chyme
B)Hydrochloric acid
C)Bile
D)Salivary amylase

Accepted Answer

Hydrochloric acid is secreted by the parietal cells of the stomach and helps to break down food and kill harmful bacteria. Chyme is a mixture of partially digested food and stomach secretions, but it is not a compound secreted solely by the stomach. Bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, and is not a secretion of the stomach. Salivary amylase is produced by the salivary glands and begins the digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth.

Question 4

Which of the following statements is false?
A)Mucus protects the lining of the stomach.
B)Some absorption of alcohol occurs in the stomach.
C)The sense of smell contributes to the sense of taste.
D)Peristalsis occurs when villi absorb fat.

Accepted Answer

Peristalsis occurs when the muscles of the digestive system contract and move food along the digestive tract. Villi are tiny hair-like projections in the small intestine that absorb nutrients, including fat, but they do not cause peristalsis.

Question 5

Which of the following structures normally prevents swallowed food from entering the larynx and trachea?
A)Epiglottis
B)Tongue
C)Pharynx
D)Voice box

Accepted Answer

The epiglottis is a flap of tissue that covers the opening of the trachea during swallowing, preventing food and liquids from entering the respiratory tract.

Question 6

Jillian drinks a couple of beers and smokes over a pack of cigarettes daily.Even though she's about 40 pounds overweight,she likes to wear tight-fitting clothes.Based on this information,Jillian has a high risk of developing ________.
A)rheumatoid arthritis
B)irritable bowel syndrome
C)gastroesophageal reflux disease
D)cystic fibrosis

Accepted Answer

Jillian's alcohol and cigarette consumption puts her at risk for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which is worsened by obesity. None of the other choices are related to her risk factors.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true?
A)The colon is the major site of nutrient absorption in the human digestive system.
B)The pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine.
C)The esophagus is the muscular valve that connects the stomach to the small intestine.
D)Lean people have a higher risk of gallstones than fat people.

Accepted Answer

The pyloric sphincter is a muscular valve that controls the flow of partially digested food (chyme) from the stomach into the small intestine. Option A is incorrect as the small intestine is the major site for nutrient absorption. Option C is incorrect as the esophagus connects the mouth to the stomach, not the small intestine. Option D is incorrect as obesity is a risk factor for gallstones, not being lean.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true?
A)Older adults generally have fewer taste buds than children.
B)The gallbladder makes bile and stores the compound in the liver.
C)Foods that taste bitter are generally good energy sources because of their high carbohydrate contents.
D)Segmentation enables chyme to move through the esophagus.

Accepted Answer

As people age, their taste buds tend to diminish in number, which is why some older adults may find certain foods less flavorful than they used to.

Question 9

Which of the following conditions is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation and swelling of the intestines?
A)Crohn's disease
B)Cystic fibrosis
C)Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
D)Peptic ulcer

Accepted Answer

Crohn's disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation and swelling of the intestines. Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that affects the lungs and digestive system. GERD is a condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus. Peptic ulcer is a sore in the lining of the stomach or small intestine.

Question 10

The _____ is the third segment of the small intestine.
A)ileum
B)colon
C)jejunum
D)duodenum

Accepted Answer

The ileum is the third and final segment of the small intestine, following the duodenum and the jejunum.

Question 11

Which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion?
A)Pituitary
B)Liver
C)Pancreas
D)Gallbladder

Accepted Answer

The pancreas is responsible for producing and secreting enzymes such as amylase, lipase, and protease that are essential for breaking down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the small intestine during digestion. The pituitary gland produces hormones that regulate various bodily functions, the liver produces bile which helps in fat digestion, and the gallbladder stores and releases bile as needed. However, neither the liver nor the gallbladder produce enzymes for digestion.

Question 12

Tyler smokes cigarettes,drinks excess alcohol,and takes aspirins regularly to treat his headaches.Based on this information,Tyler has a high risk of developing ________.
A)peptic ulcers
B)irritable bowel syndrome
C)chronic constipation
D)cystic fibrosis

Accepted Answer

Tyler's smoking, drinking, and regular use of aspirin are all risk factors for developing peptic ulcers.

Question 13

Which of the following compounds is not secreted by the human stomach?
A)Hydrochloric acid
B)Gastric juice
C)Bile
D)Mucus

Accepted Answer

Bile is not secreted by the human stomach. It is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder, and released into the small intestine to aid in digestion. The other choices (A, B, D) are all secretions of the human stomach.

Question 14

The _____ is the second segment of the small intestine.
A)colon
B)jejunum
C)ileum
D)duodenum

Accepted Answer

The jejunum is the second segment of the small intestine. The duodenum is the first segment, the ileum is the third and final segment, and the colon is part of the large intestine.

Question 15

Amanda is a three-year-old who has a condition that is characterized by the inability of her pancreas to produce cholecystokinin.Based on this information,she ________.
A)is taller than most children who are her age
B)has difficulty digesting food
C)is heavier than average for her height
D)absorbs higher than normal amounts of micronutrients

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin is a hormone that stimulates the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the gallbladder. Without this hormone, Amanda would have difficulty digesting food.

Question 16

Marcus has an infection that causes a temporary loss of villi.Based on this information,you would expect Marcus to _____ while he has this illness.
A)absorb vitamins more rapidly
B)digest proteins more efficiently
C)develop gallstones.
D)lose weight rapidly

Accepted Answer

Villi are responsible for absorption of nutrients in the small intestine. Without them, the absorption of nutrients is compromised, leading to malnutrition and weight loss.

Question 17

The _____ of a food describes the extent to which the body is able to absorb the nutrients from the food and use them.
A)homeostasis
B)essentiality
C)bioavailability
D)digestibility

Accepted Answer

Bioavailability refers to the proportion of a nutrient that is absorbed from the diet and used for normal body functions.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true?
A)A thin layer of chyme protects the lining of the digestive tract from being broken down by enzymes.
B)Heartburn often results when the gastroesophageal sphincter fails to close properly.
C)Cystic fibrosis is an infectious disease that causes the muscles that control swallowing to malfunction.
D)Hydrochloric acid (HCl)begins the partial digestion of fats in the small intestine.

Accepted Answer

Heartburn occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus due to the failure of the gastroesophageal sphincter to close properly. A is incorrect as chyme does contain enzymes that can breakdown the lining of the digestive tract if it were not protected by mucus. C is incorrect as cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that affects mucus production, not the muscles related to swallowing. D is incorrect as hydrochloric acid is produced by the stomach and begins the partial digestion of proteins, not fats.

Question 19

Which of the following compounds is (are)secreted by the human stomach?
A)Saliva
B)Bile salts
C)Gastric juice
D)Chyme

Accepted Answer

Gastric juice is secreted by the human stomach. Saliva is secreted by the salivary glands, bile salts are produced by the liver and secreted by the gallbladder, and chyme is the partially digested food mixture that leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine.

Question 20

Feces form in the ________.
A)pyloric valve
B)esophageal sphincter
C)lower stomach
D)large intestine

Accepted Answer

Feces form in the large intestine, which is the final section of the digestive system before elimination. The large intestine absorbs water and minerals from the remaining digested material, forming solid feces. The pyloric valve and esophageal sphincter are not involved in feces formation, and the lower stomach is involved in digestion and mixing of food with stomach acid.

Quiz 4: Body Basics

Chyme moves from the stomach into the ________.

Which of the following compounds is secreted by the human stomach?

Which of the following statements is false?

Which of the following structures normally prevents swallowed food from entering the larynx and trachea?

Jillian drinks a couple of beers and smokes over a pack of cigarettes daily.Even though she's about 40 pounds overweight,she likes to wear tight-fitting clothes.Based on this information,Jillian has a high risk of developing ________.

Which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following conditions is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation and swelling of the intestines?

The _____ is the third segment of the small intestine.

Which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion?

Tyler smokes cigarettes,drinks excess alcohol,and takes aspirins regularly to treat his headaches.Based on this information,Tyler has a high risk of developing ________.

Which of the following compounds is not secreted by the human stomach?

The _____ is the second segment of the small intestine.

Amanda is a three-year-old who has a condition that is characterized by the inability of her pancreas to produce cholecystokinin.Based on this information,she ________.

Marcus has an infection that causes a temporary loss of villi.Based on this information,you would expect Marcus to _____ while he has this illness.

The _____ of a food describes the extent to which the body is able to absorb the nutrients from the food and use them.

Which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following compounds is (are) secreted by the human stomach?

Feces form in the ________.