Question 1

Which of the following has the most influence over the portrayal of gender in mass media?
A) owners and producers of mass media
B) parents of youth audiences
C) youth audiences
D) politicians

Accepted Answer

Owners and producers of mass media have the most influence over the portrayal of gender in mass media because they make key decisions on content creation, representation, and the narratives that are promoted through their platforms.

Question 2

Which of the following is a stage in an initiation rite?
A) separation from one's new status and identity
B) degradation, disorientation, and stress
C) preservation of an existing identity
D) close supervision by specialized staff

Accepted Answer

Initiation rites often involve a stage of degradation, disorientation, and stress, which serves to break down the initiate's existing identity and prepare them for the transition to a new status within the community or group.

Question 3

What do we call associations of people, scattered across the country or the world, who are able to communicate via the computer about some common interest?
A) global communities
B) virtual communities
C) computer-mediated communities
D) the Internet

Accepted Answer

Virtual communities are groups of people who share common interests or goals and interact with each other through the internet, rather than in person.

Question 4

In Stanley Kubrick's film A Clockwork Orange (1971), a violent criminal undergoes aversion therapy while incarcerated, being forced to watch violent acts such as the ones he had himself committed. In what type of place is he being held?
A) a total institution
B) a torture ward
C) a re-institutionalization facility
D) a re-initiation facility

Accepted Answer

A total institution is a place of residence and work where a large number of like-situated individuals, cut off from the wider society for an appreciable period of time, together lead an enclosed, formally administered round of life. Prisons, military barracks, and asylums are examples. In "A Clockwork Orange," the protagonist is held in a prison, which fits the definition of a total institution.

Question 5

What do sociologists call a ceremony or process that requires a new member of a group to abandon his or her old self-perceptions and assume a new identity?
A) a transformative reawakening
B) a solidarity rite
C) primary socialization
D) an initiation rite

Accepted Answer

Initiation rites are ceremonies or rituals that mark the transition of an individual from one status to another, often involving a significant change in identity or social position. These rites often require the individual to leave behind previous self-perceptions and adopt new roles or identities within the group.

Question 6

Next summer Heather is going to Italy for a year at a journalism school. In the meantime, she has enrolled in an Italian language course and has also got permission from a local journalist to observe her at work when she covers stories in her hometown. What is Heather engaging in?
A) anticipatory socialization
B) secondary socialization
C) anticipatory acculturation
D) secondary acculturation

Accepted Answer

Heather is engaging in anticipatory socialization, which involves learning and preparing for future roles and social expectations, in this case, by taking an Italian language course and observing a journalist at work.

Question 7

What type of socialization takes place when powerful socializing agents deliberately cause rapid change in people's values, roles, and self-conception, sometimes even against their will?
A) self-socialization
B) secondary socialization
C) anticipatory socialization
D) resocialization

Accepted Answer

Resocialization is a process by which individuals undergo a radical change in their values, roles, and self-conception, often as a result of deliberate actions by powerful socializing agents. This can occur in settings like prisons, military boot camps, or cults, where individuals are often stripped of their previous identities and taught new ways of being, sometimes against their will.

Question 8

What did the Stanford mock prison experiment demonstrate about socialization?
A) Personalities are resistant to change.
B) Personalities can be altered in extreme social settings.
C) Inmates are least likely to be influenced by resocialization.
D) Guards are least likely to be influenced by resocialization.

Accepted Answer

The Stanford prison experiment showed that individuals' behaviors and personalities can significantly change in extreme social settings, as participants adopted their roles as guards or prisoners to a surprising and often disturbing degree.

Question 9

Which of the following contributes to the growing flexibility of the self in recent decades?
A) rites of passage
B) employment
C) gender socialization
D) cosmetic surgery

Accepted Answer

Cosmetic surgery contributes to the growing flexibility of the self by allowing individuals to alter their physical appearance, thereby enabling them to express their identity in ways that were not possible in the past.

Question 10

When people enter military boot camp, they are expected to radically change themselves physically, mentally, and emotionally. What kind of socialization is this an example of?
A) self-socialization
B) primary socialization
C) resocialization
D) anticipatory socialization

Accepted Answer

Resocialization is the process by which individuals undergo a radical change in their behaviors, beliefs, and attitudes to fit into a new role or environment, such as entering military boot camp.

Question 11

Which of the following is one of the most important factors contributing to the growing flexibility of the self?
A) resocialization
B) the creation of virtual communities
C) globalization
D) initiation rites

Accepted Answer

Globalization has significantly contributed to the growing flexibility of the self by increasing exposure to diverse cultures, ideas, and ways of life, leading to more adaptable and flexible identities.

Question 12

Rainbow Sun was previously known as Jane Smith. However, when she went to live with a group of highly spiritual people in the woods, she was asked to accept a new name, give her worldly possessions to the group, and have no contact with the outside world, including her family. What process has Rainbow engaged in?
A) adaptive socialization
B) resocialization
C) anticipatory socialization
D) a self-fulfilling prophecy

Accepted Answer

Resocialization involves learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors to match a new situation in life, often replacing previous behaviors and norms. In this case, Rainbow Sun's acceptance of a new name, giving up possessions, and cutting off contact with the outside world to live with a highly spiritual group fits the definition of resocialization.

Question 13

The idea of the self-fulfilling prophecy was developed by which of the following?
A) conflict theorists
B) symbolic interactionists
C) structural functionalists
D) feminist theorists

Accepted Answer

The concept of the self-fulfilling prophecy was developed by symbolic interactionists, who focus on how individuals interpret and assign meaning to their social world. This concept illustrates how people's beliefs or predictions about others can come to influence others' behavior in such a way that those beliefs or predictions come true.

Question 14

What do sociologists call conscious preparation for roles that a person would like to fill at some point in the future?
A) anticipatory socialization
B) functional imperative
C) secondary socialization
D) functional anticipation

Accepted Answer

Anticipatory socialization refers to the process of learning and preparing for future roles and social expectations. This involves adopting behaviors or norms associated with positions one aspires to occupy, thereby easing the transition into new social roles.

Question 15

What does a person reject during the "ritual rejection" stage of an initiation rite?
A) old status and identity
B) importance of rituals
C) rules of ritual behaviour
D) previously acquired knowledge

Accepted Answer

During the "ritual rejection" stage of an initiation rite, a person rejects their old status and identity as part of the process of transitioning to a new role or status within their community.

Question 16

What is the principal lesson of the Stanford prison experiment?
A) Self-preservation is weakly related to social circumstances.
B) Self-concept is weakly related to social circumstances.
C) Self-concept is strongly related to social circumstances.
D) Self-preservation is strongly related to social circumstances.

Accepted Answer

The principal lesson of the Stanford prison experiment is that self-concept is strongly related to social circumstances. This experiment demonstrated how people could adopt roles and behaviors significantly different from their usual selves under the influence of the structured social environment, indicating a strong relationship between self-concept and the social context.

Question 17

In Stanley Kubrick's film A Clockwork Orange (1971), a violent criminal undergoes aversion therapy while jailed. He is forced to watch violent acts such as the ones he had himself committed and experiences pain every time he watches them. What process is he undergoing?
A) self-socialization
B) secondary socialization
C) anticipatory socialization
D) resocialization

Accepted Answer

The process is called resocialization, which involves breaking down someone's existing social norms and values and replacing them with new ones, often in a controlled environment like a prison, military, or a therapeutic setting. In "A Clockwork Orange," the protagonist undergoes this process to change his violent behavior.

Question 18

What do sociologists call a ceremony that signals the personal transformation from one status to another, and that ties the person to a new group?
A) an institutional ritual
B) an initiation rite
C) primary socialization
D) brainwashing

Accepted Answer

An initiation rite is a ceremony or ritual that marks the transition of an individual from one status to another, often signifying their acceptance or integration into a new group or social circle.

Question 19

Which of the following reflects the conclusion drawn in the textbook about human flexibility?
A) Humans can change their bodies at will but can rarely change their self-concepts.
B) Humans can change their self-concepts at will but can rarely change their bodies.
C) Humans can change their bodies and their self-concepts at will.
D) Humans can rarely change their bodies or their self-concepts.

Accepted Answer

Humans can change their bodies and their self-concepts at will.

Question 20

What do sociologists call settings in which people are isolated from the larger society and are under the strict control and constant supervision of a specialized staff?
A) authoritarian communities
B) institutional settings
C) totalitarian regimes
D) total institutions

Accepted Answer

Total institutions are places where people are cut off from the wider society and live under strict control and supervision by a specialized staff. Examples include prisons, military boot camps, and psychiatric hospitals.

Quiz 4: Socialization

Which of the following has the most influence over the portrayal of gender in mass media?

Which of the following is a stage in an initiation rite?

What do we call associations of people, scattered across the country or the world, who are able to communicate via the computer about some common interest?

In Stanley Kubrick's film A Clockwork Orange (1971) , a violent criminal undergoes aversion therapy while incarcerated, being forced to watch violent acts such as the ones he had himself committed. In what type of place is he being held?

What do sociologists call a ceremony or process that requires a new member of a group to abandon his or her old self-perceptions and assume a new identity?

Next summer Heather is going to Italy for a year at a journalism school. In the meantime, she has enrolled in an Italian language course and has also got permission from a local journalist to observe her at work when she covers stories in her hometown. What is Heather engaging in?

What type of socialization takes place when powerful socializing agents deliberately cause rapid change in people's values, roles, and self-conception, sometimes even against their will?

What did the Stanford mock prison experiment demonstrate about socialization?

Which of the following contributes to the growing flexibility of the self in recent decades?

When people enter military boot camp, they are expected to radically change themselves physically, mentally, and emotionally. What kind of socialization is this an example of?

Which of the following is one of the most important factors contributing to the growing flexibility of the self?

The idea of the self-fulfilling prophecy was developed by which of the following?

What do sociologists call conscious preparation for roles that a person would like to fill at some point in the future?

What does a person reject during the "ritual rejection" stage of an initiation rite?

What is the principal lesson of the Stanford prison experiment?

In Stanley Kubrick's film A Clockwork Orange (1971) , a violent criminal undergoes aversion therapy while jailed. He is forced to watch violent acts such as the ones he had himself committed and experiences pain every time he watches them. What process is he undergoing?

What do sociologists call a ceremony that signals the personal transformation from one status to another, and that ties the person to a new group?

Which of the following reflects the conclusion drawn in the textbook about human flexibility?

What do sociologists call settings in which people are isolated from the larger society and are under the strict control and constant supervision of a specialized staff?