Question 1

The Montreal Protocol is considered successful because

Accepted Answer

The Montreal Protocol is successful due to its wide international agreement, its ability to address the needs of both developed and developing nations, and its role as a model for future environmental agreements.

Question 2

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has estimated that for every 1 percent increase in UV_B radiation, basal-cell and squamous-cell cancer cases increase by 1 and 2 percent respectively.This is called

Accepted Answer

The given scenario describes a dose-response relationship, which is the relationship between the amount of exposure to a substance and the resulting biological response. In this case, the amount of UV_B radiation exposure is directly linked to an increase in basal-cell and squamous-cell cancer cases. This relationship is often used to evaluate the risks associated with exposure to substances and to set exposure limits or guidelines.

Question 3

Cost effectiveness in International Agreements 
-Refer to the figure above.Suppose that both Countries A and B receive the same benefit from a decrease in emissions.Both are currently emitting at the uncontrolled level.A uniform reduction of 50 percent would

Accepted Answer

A uniform reduction of 50 percent would not represent efficiency because it does not account for the differences in abatement costs between the two countries. Efficient allocation would require reductions where they are cheapest, which is not necessarily uniform.

Question 4

Often countries are negotiating many international issues at the same time that they are considering agreements regarding environmental issues.If they are trying to establish a reputation as ________, their position on an environmental issue may seem inconsistent with self interest.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Often countries are negotiating many international issues...

Question 5

In order for multinational agreements to be socially efficient, they need to

Accepted Answer

The equimarginal principle ensures that the marginal cost of emission reduction is equalized across countries, leading to a cost-effective and socially efficient allocation of reduction efforts.

Question 6

Government Imposed Production Limitations on the CFC Market 
-Refer to the figure above.Without government intervention, the market depicted would produce ______ units of CFCs at a price of ______.

Accepted Answer

Without government intervention, the market would produce at the intersection of supply curve S1 and demand curve D1, which results in output qS1U1 and price pS1U1.

Question 7

International agreements come in several forms and environmental agreements have made use of each form.One such form is a treaty, which is

Accepted Answer

The answer of International agreements come in several forms and...

Question 8

For countries engaging in multilateral agreements regarding pollutants that affect all of them (i.e.acid rain pollution resulting from SO₂ emissions), they should understand that the agreements supply

Accepted Answer

Multilateral agreements on pollutants like acid rain typically provide global public goods, as they benefit all countries involved. However, they also present the possibility of free riders, where some countries may benefit from the agreement without fully contributing to the efforts or costs.

Question 9

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is

Accepted Answer

The Montreal Protocol is a multilateral agreement, which means it involves multiple countries, and requires phase-out and consumption freezes of ozone depleting substances. It is not unilateral (only involving one country) or bilateral (involving two countries).

Question 10

Initially, in order to reduce the damages associated with CFCs, manufacturers began using

Accepted Answer

Manufacturers began using hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) as they cause less environmental damage compared to CFCs, particularly in terms of ozone depletion. However, HFCs still have a significant global warming potential.

Question 11

When two countries engage in a voluntary international agreement, they often invoke some element of ___________, which encourages compensation to a polluter who suffers a net financial loss when it limits its omissions to a socially efficient level that considers other damaged parties.

Accepted Answer

The polluter pays principle (PPP) is the concept where the polluting party pays for the impact caused to the environment, encouraging them to reduce emissions to a socially efficient level.

Question 12

The available enforcement mechanisms are ________ at the international level compared to national level.

Accepted Answer

The enforcement mechanisms at the international level are much weaker compared to the national level due to the lack of a global policing agency and the limited authority and resources of international courts and tribunals. This often leads to difficulties in enforcing international laws and holding individuals or states accountable for their actions.

Question 13

International agreements come in several forms and environmental agreements have made use of each form.One such form is a protocol, which is

Accepted Answer

Protocols are agreements where countries define a problem and agree to address it, and detail some of the specific actions that will be undertaken. This differs from a treaty which is a more legally binding agreement that can include more detailed and comprehensive regulations.

Question 14

With government imposing restrictions on total production of CFC, the industries that produce products affected by the restriction will experience

Accepted Answer

The answer of With government imposing restrictions on total production...

Question 15

One of the main provisions of the Montreal Protocol is

Accepted Answer

The Montreal Protocol includes all of the provisions listed in the answer choices - requirements for phasing out designated substances, a multilateral fund for supporting developing countries in achieving controls, and trade restrictions on these substances.

Question 16

As a partial result of the Montreal Protocol, scientists predict that the hole in the ozone will be substantially_____ by _________.

Accepted Answer

The Montreal Protocol was designed to reduce the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). As a result of the protocol, the levels of these substances in the atmosphere have decreased, causing a slowdown in the depletion of the ozone layer. Scientists predict that the hole in the ozone will be significantly diminished by 2070 as a result of these efforts.

Question 17

International agreements come in several forms and environmental agreements have made use of each form.One such form is a convention, which is

Accepted Answer

Conventions are agreements where countries come together to define a problem and agree to address it, but they do not necessarily specify the exact actions that will be taken to address the problem. This allows for flexibility in how each country will meet the agreed-upon goals.

Question 18

The Trail Smelter case of 1935 was an important case involving a British Columbian metal refinery that damaged farmlands in the United States.This case set an important international precedent referred to as

Accepted Answer

The Trail Smelter case established the polluter pays principle (PPP), which states that the party responsible for pollution should bear the costs of cleaning up the pollution or mitigating its damage. This principle has become widely recognized as a fundamental aspect of environmental law and policy.

Question 19

Government Imposed Production Limitations on the CFC Market -Refer to the figure above.With government imposing restrictions on total production of q₂ , the market depicted would produce ______ units of CFCs at a price of ______.

Accepted Answer

Without the figure, it's impossible to determine the exact quantities and prices. However, the correct answer would depend on the specific intersection points of supply and demand curves after the imposition of production restrictions, which is typically illustrated in such a figure.

Question 20

The Montreal Protocol has been _______ and ozone-depleting substances have _______.

Accepted Answer

The Montreal Protocol has been successful in reducing the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). As a result, the amount of these substances in the atmosphere has declined, leading to a reduction in damage to the ozone layer.

Quiz 19: International Environmental Agreements

The Montreal Protocol is considered successful because

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has estimated that for every 1 percent increase in UV_B radiation, basal-cell and squamous-cell cancer cases increase by 1 and 2 percent respectively.This is called

Cost effectiveness in International Agreements -Refer to the figure above.Suppose that both Countries A and B receive the same benefit from a decrease in emissions.Both are currently emitting at the uncontrolled level.A uniform reduction of 50 percent would

Often countries are negotiating many international issues at the same time that they are considering agreements regarding environmental issues.If they are trying to establish a reputation as ________, their position on an environmental issue may seem inconsistent with self interest.

In order for multinational agreements to be socially efficient, they need to

Government Imposed Production Limitations on the CFC Market -Refer to the figure above.Without government intervention, the market depicted would produce units of CFCs at a price of .

International agreements come in several forms and environmental agreements have made use of each form.One such form is a treaty, which is

For countries engaging in multilateral agreements regarding pollutants that affect all of them (i.e.acid rain pollution resulting from SO₂ emissions) , they should understand that the agreements supply

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is

Initially, in order to reduce the damages associated with CFCs, manufacturers began using

When two countries engage in a voluntary international agreement, they often invoke some element of ___________, which encourages compensation to a polluter who suffers a net financial loss when it limits its omissions to a socially efficient level that considers other damaged parties.

The available enforcement mechanisms are ________ at the international level compared to national level.

International agreements come in several forms and environmental agreements have made use of each form.One such form is a protocol, which is

With government imposing restrictions on total production of CFC, the industries that produce products affected by the restriction will experience

One of the main provisions of the Montreal Protocol is

As a partial result of the Montreal Protocol, scientists predict that the hole in the ozone will be substantially_ by _____.

International agreements come in several forms and environmental agreements have made use of each form.One such form is a convention, which is

The Trail Smelter case of 1935 was an important case involving a British Columbian metal refinery that damaged farmlands in the United States.This case set an important international precedent referred to as

Government Imposed Production Limitations on the CFC Market -Refer to the figure above.With government imposing restrictions on total production of q₂ , the market depicted would produce units of CFCs at a price of .

The Montreal Protocol has been _ and ozone-depleting substances have _.

Quiz 19: International Environmental Agreements

The Montreal Protocol is considered successful because

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has estimated that for every 1 percent increase in UVB radiation, basal-cell and squamous-cell cancer cases increase by 1 and 2 percent respectively.This is called

Cost effectiveness in International Agreements -Refer to the figure above.Suppose that both Countries A and B receive the same benefit from a decrease in emissions.Both are currently emitting at the uncontrolled level.A uniform reduction of 50 percent would

Often countries are negotiating many international issues at the same time that they are considering agreements regarding environmental issues.If they are trying to establish a reputation as ________, their position on an environmental issue may seem inconsistent with self interest.

In order for multinational agreements to be socially efficient, they need to

Government Imposed Production Limitations on the CFC Market -Refer to the figure above.Without government intervention, the market depicted would produce ______ units of CFCs at a price of ______.

International agreements come in several forms and environmental agreements have made use of each form.One such form is a treaty, which is

For countries engaging in multilateral agreements regarding pollutants that affect all of them (i.e.acid rain pollution resulting from SO2 emissions) , they should understand that the agreements supply

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is

Initially, in order to reduce the damages associated with CFCs, manufacturers began using

When two countries engage in a voluntary international agreement, they often invoke some element of ___________, which encourages compensation to a polluter who suffers a net financial loss when it limits its omissions to a socially efficient level that considers other damaged parties.

The available enforcement mechanisms are ________ at the international level compared to national level.

International agreements come in several forms and environmental agreements have made use of each form.One such form is a protocol, which is

With government imposing restrictions on total production of CFC, the industries that produce products affected by the restriction will experience

One of the main provisions of the Montreal Protocol is

As a partial result of the Montreal Protocol, scientists predict that the hole in the ozone will be substantially_____ by _________.

International agreements come in several forms and environmental agreements have made use of each form.One such form is a convention, which is

The Trail Smelter case of 1935 was an important case involving a British Columbian metal refinery that damaged farmlands in the United States.This case set an important international precedent referred to as

Government Imposed Production Limitations on the CFC Market -Refer to the figure above.With government imposing restrictions on total production of q2 , the market depicted would produce ______ units of CFCs at a price of ______.

The Montreal Protocol has been _______ and ozone-depleting substances have _______.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has estimated that for every 1 percent increase in UV_B radiation, basal-cell and squamous-cell cancer cases increase by 1 and 2 percent respectively.This is called

Government Imposed Production Limitations on the CFC Market -Refer to the figure above.Without government intervention, the market depicted would produce units of CFCs at a price of .

For countries engaging in multilateral agreements regarding pollutants that affect all of them (i.e.acid rain pollution resulting from SO₂ emissions) , they should understand that the agreements supply

As a partial result of the Montreal Protocol, scientists predict that the hole in the ozone will be substantially_ by _____.

Government Imposed Production Limitations on the CFC Market -Refer to the figure above.With government imposing restrictions on total production of q₂ , the market depicted would produce units of CFCs at a price of .

The Montreal Protocol has been _ and ozone-depleting substances have _.