Question 1

Freud believed that dreams allowed our unacceptable desires to come to the surface, giving us a momentary glimpse at the ____________.

Accepted Answer

Freud theorized that dreams are a manifestation of our deepest desires and fears, allowing us a glimpse into our unconscious mind. He believed that the content of dreams could reveal much about our innermost thoughts and feelings that are not accessible to us when we are awake.

Question 2

Which of the following is TRUE about prescription drugs for insomnia?

Accepted Answer

Prescription drugs for insomnia can lead to psychological or physical dependency, which is a known risk associated with their use.

Question 3

The theory of sleep that BEST explains why bears hibernate all winter is the _____ theory.

Accepted Answer

The adaptation/protection theory of sleep suggests that sleep is an adaptive behavior evolved to conserve energy and protect individuals during periods of vulnerability or when they are least efficient at finding food and avoiding predators. Hibernation in bears is a form of long-term sleep that conserves energy during the winter months when food is scarce and conditions are harsh, fitting the adaptation/protection explanation.

Question 4

Which of the following persons is clearly experiencing insomnia?

Accepted Answer

Consuela's persistent difficulty in falling or staying asleep is a clear indication of insomnia, which is characterized by trouble with sleep initiation, maintenance, or quality that occurs despite adequate opportunity for sleep, leading to daytime impairment.

Question 5

The _____ content of a dream is the true, unconscious meaning of the dream.

Accepted Answer

The latent content of a dream refers to the hidden, unconscious meaning or symbolism behind the dream's storyline, according to Freudian dream analysis.

Question 6

The _____ theory states that dreams are byproducts of random stimulation of brain cells, whereas the _____ view suggests dreams serve an information processing function and help us sift through our everyday experiences and thoughts.

Accepted Answer

The activation-synthesis theory posits that dreams result from the brain's attempt to make sense of random neural activity during sleep, while the cognitive view suggests that dreams help in processing information, reflecting on experiences, and solving problems.

Question 7

Durango was very angry with his stepmother, and wished she were dead.That night Durango dreamed that he pushed her off a cliff.According to Freud, the latent content of Durango's dream would be _____, while the manifest content would be _____.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, the latent content of a dream represents the hidden psychological meaning of the dream, while the manifest content is the actual storyline or events of the dream. In this case, Durango's latent content is his wish for his stepmother to be dead, which is symbolized in the dream by the action of pushing her off a cliff (the manifest content).

Question 8

Which of the following is true about sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

Sleep apnea is characterized by periods during sleep where breathing stops for a minute or more, leading to significant disruptions in sleep quality and overall health. The other options are not accurate descriptions of sleep apnea.

Question 9

The persistent inability to fall or stay asleep, or awakening too early, is a symptom of _____.

Accepted Answer

Insomnia is characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking up too early and not being able to fall back asleep.

Question 10

The cognitive view of dreaming suggests that dreams

Accepted Answer

The cognitive view of dreaming posits that dreams play a significant role in processing, organizing, and making sense of the experiences we encounter in our waking lives. This perspective emphasizes the importance of dreams in helping us navigate and understand our daily experiences.

Question 11

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

Research in dream studies has found that while individual dream content can vary widely, there are indeed some cultural commonalities in dream themes across different societies, indicating that certain aspects of the human experience are universally reflected in our dreams.

Question 12

Pat is dreaming about a stranger who is carrying a weapon.According to research on gender and dream content, it is MOST likely that Pat is _____.

Accepted Answer

Research on gender and dream content often finds that men are more likely to report dreams involving strangers and physical aggression, including the presence of weapons, compared to women.

Question 13

You just awoke from a startling dream in which you were very frightened, but could not move.How would the activation-synthesis theory of dreaming explain your dream?

Accepted Answer

The activation-synthesis theory of dreaming suggests that dreams result from the brain's attempt to make sense of random neural activity, particularly in the limbic system (which includes the amygdala, involved in emotion processing) during REM sleep. The paralysis experienced in the dream reflects REM-stage paralysis, where the body is prevented from acting out dreams.

Question 14

The idea that dreams are the byproduct of random stimulation of brain cells, and that the brain attempts to combine this spontaneous activity into coherent patterns, is known as the _____ hypothesis of dreaming.

Accepted Answer

The activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreaming proposes that dreams result from the brain's attempt to make sense of random neural signals that occur during sleep. This theory suggests that dreams don't necessarily have meanings but are rather the brain's way of interpreting random neural activity.

Question 15

This is a theory/hypothesis of dream interpretation that emphasizes the roles of manifest and latent dream content.

Accepted Answer

Freud's wish-fulfillment theory emphasizes the roles of manifest and latent content in dreams, where manifest content is the literal storyline of a dream, and latent content represents the hidden psychological meaning.

Question 16

The repair/restoration theory of sleep says that sleep serves _____.

Accepted Answer

The repair/restoration theory of sleep suggests that sleep serves a recuperative function, helping to restore and replenish key brain and body resources that are depleted during wakefulness.

Question 17

The adaptation/protection theory of sleep says that sleep _____.

Accepted Answer

The adaptation/protection theory of sleep suggests that sleep evolved as a means to conserve energy and protect organisms from predators, especially during times of the day or night when they are most vulnerable or when there is little to gain from being awake.

Question 18

The ______ content of a dream contains the surface symbols that disguise or mask the underlying meaning of the dream.

Accepted Answer

The manifest content of a dream includes the actual symbols and events experienced in the dream, which can be directly remembered and reported by the dreamer. This contrasts with the latent content, which refers to the hidden psychological meaning of the dream.

Question 19

Which of the following most supports the growth/restoration theory of sleep?

Accepted Answer

The growth/restoration theory of sleep suggests that sleep is necessary for the physical repair of the body. The fact that we sleep less as we age (C) supports this theory because it implies that the need for physical restoration decreases as the body's growth slows down.

Question 20

If you foolishly cram before final exams, missing several nights' sleep, what is MOST likely to happen to your sleep cycles the first time you get uninterrupted sleep? You will _____.

Accepted Answer

REM sleep is the stage of sleep in which dreams occur. When you are sleep-deprived, your body will try to make up for lost REM sleep by increasing the amount of REM sleep you get the next time you sleep.

Quiz 5: States of Consciousness