Question 1

The ego-integrity-versus-despair stage of psychosocial development is characterized by which process?

Accepted Answer

The ego-integrity-versus-despair stage, according to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, involves reflecting on one's life, evaluating it, and coming to terms with how it was lived, leading to feelings of integrity or despair.

Question 2

According to psychologist George Vaillant,what is the significance of "keeping the meaning?"

Accepted Answer

"Keeping the meaning" refers to adults finding meaning in their lives by accepting both their own strengths and weaknesses and those of others, as part of their psychological development.

Question 3

Which traits comprise the "Big Five" dimensions of personality?

Accepted Answer

The "Big Five" dimensions of personality are neuroticism, extroversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. These are widely recognized in psychology as the five broad domains that define human personality.

Question 4

Which of the "Big Five" personality traits pertains to the degree to which a person is moody,anxious,and self-critical?

Accepted Answer

Neuroticism is the personality trait that involves tendencies towards emotional instability, anxiety, moodiness, and self-criticism.

Question 5

Patterns of arousal and emotionality that are consistent and enduring characteristics of an individual are called __________.

Accepted Answer

Temperament refers to the consistent and enduring patterns of arousal and emotionality that are evident from early life and are thought to have a biological basis.

Question 6

What factor led to the development of activity theory as an explanation for successful aging?

Accepted Answer

Activity theory was developed as a response to the lack of support for disengagement theory, which suggested that withdrawing from social roles and activities was a natural part of aging. Activity theory posits that staying active and engaged leads to more successful aging.

Question 7

According to gerontologist Robert Butler,what triggers a life review?

Accepted Answer

The obvious prospect of one's death is what triggers a life review, as it prompts individuals to reflect on their life experiences and evaluate their life as they approach the end.

Question 8

What is the term that Thomas and Chess used to describe babies who have negative moods,are slow to adapt to new situations,and tend to withdraw when confronted with a new situation?

Accepted Answer

Thomas and Chess used the term "difficult babies" to describe infants who have negative moods, are slow to adapt to new situations, and tend to withdraw when confronted with new situations.

Question 9

Which theory of aging proposes that people need to maintain their desired level of involvement in society in order to maximize their sense of well-being and self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which theory of aging proposes that people...

Question 10

According to Daniel Levinson,people around the ages of 40 or 45 move into a period of questioning called __________,and focus on the finite nature of life.

Accepted Answer

Daniel Levinson described the "midlife transition" as a period where individuals around the ages of 40 to 45 begin to question their life and accomplishments, focusing on the finite nature of life.

Question 11

Which theory proposes that successful aging occurs when people maintain the interests,activities,and social interactions with which they were involved during middle age?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which theory proposes that successful aging occurs...

Question 12

According to Erik Erikson,between roughly ages 6 to 12 years,children go through a period characterized by a focus on efforts to meet the challenges presented by parents,peers,school.This challenge is called __________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Erik Erikson,between roughly ages 6...

Question 13

What is the term that Thomas and Chess used to describe babies who have a positive disposition,whose bodily functions operate regularly,and who are adaptable?

Accepted Answer

Thomas and Chess used the term "easy babies" to describe infants who have a positive disposition, regular bodily functions, and adapt well to new situations.

Question 14

Which factor is essential in determining happiness in late adulthood,according to continuity theory?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy, independence, and control over one's life are essential factors in determining happiness in late adulthood, according to continuity theory.

Question 15

Joyce is planning to take a year and a half leave from her job because she wants to stay home and care for her newborn child.Joyce believes that during the first 18 months of a child's life,it is critical that she make herself available to meet her child's needs and provide needed attention.Erik Erikson would say that Joyce's decision comes at a good time to address what stage of her child's development?

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development states that the trust-versus-mistrust stage occurs during the first 18 months of a child's life, where the child learns to trust their caregivers and environment.

Question 16

According to Erikson,the developmental focus during young adulthood is __________.

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory of psychosocial development states that the primary focus during young adulthood is on forming intimate, loving relationships with other people, which is the stage of "Intimacy vs. Isolation."

Question 17

Mollie is 68 years old and has been retired for 2 years.She is discussing with her daughter plans to pursue different activities with each of her grandchildren now that she is no longer working.According to Robert Peck,Mollie is in what developmental stage?

Accepted Answer

Mollie is in the stage of redefining herself beyond her work role, as she is retired and focusing on activities with her grandchildren, which aligns with Peck's concept of redefinition of self versus preoccupation with work role.

Question 18

The preschool years largely encompass what Erikson called the __________ stage of psychosocial development.

Accepted Answer

The preschool years largely encompass Erikson's "initiative-versus-guilt" stage, where children begin to assert power and control through directing play and other social interactions.

Question 19

Erikson's theory of psychosocial development considers __________.

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory of psychosocial development focuses on how individuals develop their identity and understand themselves and others through various stages of life, each characterized by different challenges and tasks.

Question 20

Which characteristic is an example of temperament in babies?

Accepted Answer

Temperament refers to the innate traits that influence how a baby experiences and reacts to the world, such as mood quality, activity level, and emotional reactivity.

Quiz 9: Social and Emotional Development