Question 1

Deism is the view suggested that physical and mental processes develop in parallel courses.

Accepted Answer

Deism is the belief in a God who created the universe but does not intervene in its operations, not about parallel development of physical and mental processes.

Question 2

Individualism as a cultural phenomenon, with its emphasis on responsibility, gradual savings, choice, and privacy, has its roots in the Reformation period.

Accepted Answer

The Reformation period, particularly through the influence of Protestantism, emphasized personal responsibility, individual choice, and the importance of personal faith, which contributed to the development of individualism as a cultural phenomenon.

Question 3

The scientific belief that experience, especially sensory processes, is the main source of knowledge is called:

Accepted Answer

Empiricism is the philosophical belief that knowledge comes primarily from sensory experience.

Question 4

The view that observable events should be explained only by natural causes without assuming the existence of divine, paranormal, or supernatural causes such as "magic" or "evil eye" is called:

Accepted Answer

Naturalism is the philosophical viewpoint that everything arises from natural properties and causes, and supernatural or spiritual explanations are excluded or discounted.

Question 5

Humanism is the view emphasizing the uniqueness of the subjective side of the individual: the sense of freedom, beauty, and moral responsibility.

Accepted Answer

Humanism focuses on the individual's subjective experience, emphasizing personal freedom, beauty, and moral responsibility, highlighting the unique aspects of human existence.

Question 6

Rationalism is a position in epistemology suggesting that reason is the prime source of knowledge and the thinking mind, not sensations alone, should provide justification of truth.

Accepted Answer

Rationalism emphasizes the role of reason and intellect in acquiring knowledge, contrasting with empiricism, which emphasizes sensory experience.

Question 7

Solipsism is an approach to explaining the nature of complex processes by reducing them to the interactions of their elements or underlying processes, such as psychological functions are described as simple physiological reactions or reflexes.

Accepted Answer

Solipsism is the philosophical idea that only one's mind is sure to exist, not an approach to explaining complex processes by reducing them to simpler interactions.

Question 8

What is the name of the theory claiming the self as the only entity that can be known and verified?

Accepted Answer

Solipsism is the philosophical theory that the self is the only thing that can be known and verified, emphasizing the idea that only one's own mind is sure to exist.

Question 9

The belief that God has created the universe but abandoned earthly affairs afterward is called:

Accepted Answer

Deism is the belief that God created the universe but abandoned earthly affairs afterward.

Question 10

Witchcraft in psychology's history stand for experimental studies of practices or arts of witches.

Accepted Answer

Witchcraft in psychology's history refers to the historical belief and persecution of individuals accused of practicing magic, not experimental studies.

Question 11

Monads are windowless entities each reflecting the state of every other according to the established principle of harmony.

Accepted Answer

The statement describes Leibniz's philosophical concept of monads, which are indivisible, windowless entities that reflect the universe in harmony with each other.

Question 12

What is the name of the view that focuses on the mechanical character of the universe and human beings as the consequence?

Accepted Answer

Scientific rationalism is the view that emphasizes the mechanical and deterministic nature of the universe, often seeing human beings as part of this mechanistic system.

Question 13

What was the term coined by Rousseau suggesting that people were essentially good when they lived under the rules of nature, before modern civilizations were created?

Accepted Answer

Rousseau coined the term "Noble savage" to describe the idea that humans are inherently good when in their natural state, uncorrupted by the influences of modern civilization.

Question 14

A belief in the existence of realities beyond perceptual reflection or scientific explanations, but accessible by subjective experience is called:

Accepted Answer

Mysticism refers to the belief in realities beyond perceptual or scientific understanding, accessible through subjective experience.

Question 15

"The Noble Savage" was the Latin term used by Locke who believed that the child's mind can record experiences in a fashion similar to the way in which teachers use a piece of chalk to write on the board.

Accepted Answer

The term "Noble Savage" is associated with Rousseau, not Locke. Locke's concept was "tabula rasa," which means a blank slate, referring to the mind's ability to be shaped by experience.

Question 16

A school of thought suggesting that almost everything about human beings can be effectively explained in mechanical terms is called:

Accepted Answer

Mechanism is the belief that natural processes are mechanically determined and can be explained by the laws of physics and chemistry.

Question 17

A philosophical view suggesting that any human action is rational so long as it is justified by the goal an individual pursues is called:

Accepted Answer

Instrumentalism is the philosophical view that actions are rational if they are effective means to achieve an individual's goals.

Question 18

Historians associate the Renaissance with the reintroduction of major elements of Indian philosophy in arts, sciences, and education.

Accepted Answer

The Renaissance is primarily associated with the revival of classical Greek and Roman culture in Europe, not Indian philosophy.

Question 19

Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that examines the nature of reality, including the relationship between mind and matter.

Accepted Answer

Metaphysics is indeed a branch of philosophy that explores fundamental questions about the nature of reality, existence, and the relationship between mind and matter.

Question 20

The philosophical tradition that claimed the existence of "parallel" spiritual and material realities is called:

Accepted Answer

Dualism is the philosophical concept that posits the existence of two distinct, parallel realities: the spiritual and the material.

Quiz 3: Psychology During Mid-Millennium Transitions: the 15th to the End of the 18th Century