Question 1

Briefly explain the cephalocaudal and proximodistal patterns of development. Provide an example of how each are evidenced in a baby.

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Question 2

Describe the two significant ways neurons change during the first years of life.

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Question 3

A method used to study sensation and perception in infants that measures the length of time infants attend to different stimuli in order to determine whether infants can distinguish one stimulus from another.

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Question 4

The view that perception and actions are coupled together, thus infants perceive something in the environment that motivates them to create patterns of behavior for exploration.

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Question 5

Describe some of the hypotheses as to why infants spend so much time in REM sleep.

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Question 6

The process of encasing axons with fat cells to speed neural transmissions.

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Question 7

This is a special way that children and adults speak to babies, characterized by language spoken in a higher pitch than normal, the use of simple words, and the use of simple sentences.

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Question 8

This linguist proposed that humans are biologically prewired to learn language, and proposed that infants are born into the world with a language acquisition device that enables them to detect certain features and rules of language.

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Question 9

This theorist developed a well-respected theory of cognitive development, and suggested that development was universal and occurred in a fixed, stage-like sequence. This theorist also proposed that infants are in the stage of "sensorimotor development."

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Question 10

Describe two physiological issues that are more common in SIDS cases.

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Question 11

The sequence in which the earliest growth always occurs at the top-the head-with physical growth in size, weight, and feature differentiation gradually working from top to bottom.

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Question 12

Memory without conscious recollection. This includes memories of skills and routine procedures (e.g., crawling) that are performed automatically.

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Question 13

The ability to produce an endless number of meaningful sentences using a finite set of words and rules.

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Question 14

The Piagetian understanding that objects and events continue to exist, even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched.

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Question 15

Briefly describe shaken baby syndrome and the likely perpetrators.

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Question 16

How would you connect the concepts of the overproduction of synaptic connections and their subsequent retraction, or pruning, with the nature versus nurture issue?

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Question 17

This is Piaget's concept that describes the cognitive conflict that occurs when information in the environment is inconsistent with the child's current schemes. This conflict is the motivation to modify schemes or develop new schemes that are more consistent with the outside world.

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Question 18

The part of the neuron that carries signals away from the cell body.

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Question 19

The view of human development that emphasizes the ways biological processes and environmental conditions influence the brain's development, particularly as it is applies to infancy.

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Question 20

A nerve cell that handles information processing in the brain.

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Quiz 3: Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy