Which of the Following Factors Is Not a Source of Barriers

Which of the following factors is not a source of barriers to the exit of capacity from the European oil refining industry: a declining industry includes not just the presence of durable,specialized assets and the costs of plant closure,but also:

A) Oil refineries have few alternative uses
B) Environmental clean-up costs
C) Employee redundancy payments
D) Investments in new refining capacity in the Middle East by national oil companies