Question 1

A soccer player who evaluates his/her achievements in terms of quality and effort to determine further motivation would be subscribing to which theory?

Accepted Answer

Achievement goal theory focuses on how individuals evaluate their success based on personal standards, such as quality and effort, which influences their motivation.

Question 2

An athlete who does not met expectations at competition but has high perceptions of his/her ability and self- control will .

Accepted Answer

An athlete with high self-control and perceptions of ability is likely to persist longer and work harder to improve their performance, rather than giving up or losing self-esteem. They are more likely to see a setback as an opportunity to learn and grow, rather than blaming others or becoming frustrated.

Question 3

Which of the following parent behaviors would not be helpful in promoting adaptive motivation for sport for their child?

Accepted Answer

Emphasizing the importance of winning can create performance goals and put unnecessary pressure on the child, leading to a fear of failure and decreased enjoyment in the sport. Instead, parents should focus on promoting mastery goals and emphasizing the importance of effort, learning, and improving. The other options promote supportive and positive behaviors that can enhance motivation and enjoyment in sports.

Question 4

The reciprocal determinism approach suggests that

Accepted Answer

The reciprocal determinism approach suggests that all three factors - the person, environment, and behavior - are interconnected and influence each other. Therefore, all three choices are correct. The person's characteristics, such as their motivation and personality, can influence their effort, choices, and persistence in sport and exercise. The environment, such as social support and access to facilities, can also influence these factors. Finally, the behavior, such as engaging in physical activity or not, can also impact the person and the environment in a reciprocal manner.

Question 5

Perceived behavioral control

Accepted Answer

Perceived behavioral control accounts for potential barriers to exercise, has a "dual" influence on exercise behavior, and is conceptually similar to self-efficacy and self-determination.

Question 6

Dysfunctional thought patterns are most closely associated with .

Accepted Answer

Dysfunctional thought patterns are a key component of the cognitive model, which emphasizes the role of thinking in influencing emotions and behavior. Arousal regulation and goal-setting are not directly related to dysfunctional thought patterns, and while the behavioral model does address the role of thoughts, it does not focus specifically on dysfunctional thought patterns.

Question 7

The model is concerned with how a person thinks and not the environment that person is in.

Accepted Answer

The model described is specifically focused on a person's thoughts, which falls under the cognitive approach. The behavioural approach emphasizes the environment and how it shapes behaviour, while the psychophysiological approach examines the relationship between the brain and behaviour. The cognitive behavioural approach combines both cognitive and behavioural principles.

Question 8

As a physical activity promotion expert,you are looking further understand the role that attitudes toward physical activity has on behaviour.What theoretical perspective could you adopt to investigate this question?

Accepted Answer

Both Social Cognitive Theory and the Health Belief Model consider attitudes and beliefs as influential factors in determining behavior, making them relevant for investigating the role of attitudes toward physical activity.

Question 9

What are the basic psychological needs consider pivotal to human functioning and development within SDT?

Accepted Answer

SDT (Self-Determination Theory) proposes that there are three basic psychological needs that are essential for human functioning and development: competence, autonomy, and relatedness. Competence refers to the need to feel effective and capable in different activities and domains. Autonomy relates to the need to be in control of one's life, to feel empowered to make choices and decisions without external pressure or coercion. Relatedness involves the need to be connected to and valued by others, to experience a sense of belonging and social support. Both options A and B include important constructs, but subjective norms and perceived behavioral control are not considered as basic psychological needs within SDT. Option D includes attitudes, which is not one of the three basic psychological needs within SDT.

Question 10

Cognitive- behavioural approaches to changes in behaviour hold that

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioural approaches emphasize the bidirectional relationship between cognition, behaviour, and emotions. This means that our thoughts, behaviour, and emotions can influence each other. For instance, changing our behaviour can alter our thought patterns and emotions. Similarly, modifying our thoughts can impact our behaviour and emotions. Therefore, both options A and B are correct.

Question 11

Which of the following is inconsistent with research into achievement goal theory?

Accepted Answer

Research into achievement goal theory suggests that a high task goal orientation, especially when combined with a high ego goal orientation, is generally associated with adaptive behaviors, not debilitative ones.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT hypothesized to influence one's sense of subjective norm in relation to exercise?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT hypothesized...

Question 13

A fitness leader who wants to facilitate an exercise environment that promotes human growth and development.According to self- determination theory,what dimensions of interpersonal style should the fitness leader adopt?

Accepted Answer

Self-determination theory emphasizes three dimensions of interpersonal style that facilitate growth and self-motivation: autonomy support, structure, and involvement. Autonomy support means acknowledging and accepting individuals' perspectives, promoting self-initiation and choice, and minimizing controlling behaviors. Structure means providing clear expectations, feedback, and a sense of progression. Involvement means demonstrating interest and enthusiasm, showing warmth, and facilitating a sense of relatedness. These dimensions are likely to promote intrinsic motivation, satisfaction, and well-being in an exercise context.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a subcomponent of the SDT framework?

Accepted Answer

Commitment is not a subcomponent of the SDT framework, but rather a concept that can be related to the framework. The three subcomponents of the SDT framework are organismic integration theory, cognitive evaluation theory, and basic psychological needs theory.

Question 15

Which of the following predictors of sport commitment would you be least likely to promote if you were trying to promote the most positive experience for the athlete?

Accepted Answer

Social constraints refer to pressure or influence from others to participate in or withdraw from sport, which can negatively impact an athlete's commitment and overall experience. Therefore, promoting social constraints would not be beneficial for the athlete's positive experience.

Question 16

Which one of the following is NOT true? People who have a task goal orientation towards sport will report?

Accepted Answer

People with a task goal orientation are focused on improving their own abilities and mastery of the sport, rather than comparing themselves to others or focusing on external rewards such as winning. Therefore, they are less likely to solely attribute success to ability and more likely to believe that effort and skill development lead to success. Additionally, they are more likely to engage in sportsman-like strategies, as their focus is on personal development rather than solely winning at all costs.

Question 17

The meta- analyses focused on the theory of planned behaviour suggested that:

Accepted Answer

The meta-analyses did not suggest any of the options listed. Therefore, none of the choices are correct.

Question 18

Any event that increases responding is called _ _ whereas any event that decreases responding is called _.

Accepted Answer

The terms "reinforcement" and "punishment" refer to events that either increase or decrease responding, respectively. Shaping refers to the gradual development of a behavior through successive approximations, while extinction refers to the gradual decrease in responding that occurs when a previously reinforced behavior is no longer reinforced. Positive and negative reinforcement refer to events that increase responding, while positive and negative punishment refer to events that decrease responding. Therefore, the best answer is D.

Question 19

The extent to which an individual feels (s)he will be successful in performing a desired behavior reflects the psychological construct of

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy reflects an individual's confidence in their ability to successfully perform a desired behavior. It is a psychological construct that is closely related to motivation and has been found to be a strong predictor of behavior change. Outcome expectation refers to an individual's expectation of the outcomes or results that will follow from a particular behavior. Self-determination refers to the inherent motivation that guides individuals to act in ways that are consistent with their values and goals. Intention refers to a conscious decision to perform a behavior. While all of these constructs are important factors in predicting behavior, self-efficacy specifically relates to an individual's confidence in their ability to perform the behavior successfully.

Question 20

Self- efficacy has been linked to which health behaviour model?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Self- efficacy has been linked to which...

Quiz 4: Motivation and Behavioural Change