Question 1

Ken owns a food services company and recently negotiated a contract with a new restaurant chain. The satisfaction Ken feels for this success is a(n)________.
A)intrinsic motivator
B)extrinsic motivator
C)resonance motivator
D)virtual motivator

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic motivators are internal rewards, such as personal satisfaction or a sense of achievement, which Ken feels from successfully negotiating the contract.

Question 2

Karen is an accountant for a large construction company. Her supervisor decides to reward Karen's excellent performance with a one-time bonus. To Karen, this could be a(n)________.
A)intrinsic motivator
B)extrinsic motivator
C)resonance motivator
D)virtual motivator

Accepted Answer

A one-time bonus is an example of an extrinsic motivator, which comes from external factors such as rewards, recognition, or praise.

Question 3

Eva runs a housecleaning business. She provides each employee with a written set of step-by-step instructions for how to use each cleaner and how to clean every aspect of a client's home. Eva routinely drops in unannounced to make sure her employees are doing as they're told. Eva knows her employees seek only the security of a job with a paycheck and do not care about the quality of the work they produce. Eva's management style can be classified as ________.
A)Theory X
B)Theory Y
C)Theory Z
D)Expectancy Theory

Accepted Answer

Eva's management style can be classified as Theory X, which assumes that employees are inherently lazy and need to be closely monitored and controlled to ensure they are doing their job properly. Eva's use of written instructions and surprise check-ins suggests that she does not trust her employees to work independently and needs to provide constant supervision and direction.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a hygiene factor according to Herzberg?
A)safe working environment
B)promotion opportunities
C)proper pay and benefits
D)positive relationships

Accepted Answer

Promotion opportunities are considered a motivator factor rather than a hygiene factor according to Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory of Motivation. Motivator factors are related to the job content, such as achievement, recognition, challenging work, growth opportunities, and responsibility, and they are capable of motivating and satisfying employees when present. Hygiene factors, on the other hand, are related to the job context, such as working conditions, company policies, supervision, salary, and job security, and they only prevent dissatisfaction when met but do not necessarily motivate employees when present.

Question 5

Which statement about Theory Z is FALSE?
A)It is based on a Japanese management style.
B)It relies on collaborative decision making.
C)It often creates high productivity.
D)It often creates high turnover.

Accepted Answer

Theory Z is based on a Japanese management style that emphasizes job security, employee involvement, and a long-term perspective. It relies on collaborative decision making to increase productivity and organizational commitment. The goal is to create a positive culture that supports employees and encourages them to take ownership of their work. This often leads to high productivity and job satisfaction. However, there is no evidence that Theory Z leads to high turnover. In fact, the focus on job security and employee involvement is intended to reduce turnover by creating a more stable and supportive work environment.

Question 6

In which type of business would you most likely find a Theory X style of management?
A)District Attorney's office
B)social think tank
C)mass manufacturing company
D)long-term care hospital

Accepted Answer

Theory X management style assumes that employees are lazy and need to be closely supervised and motivated through rewards and punishments. This type of style is commonly found in mass manufacturing companies where production efficiency is crucial, and management may perceive workers as easily replaceable.

Question 7

According to Vroom's model, instrumentality answers which of the following questions?
A)Does my working harder lead to a positive outcome for myself?
B)How good will I feel if I can accomplish this task?
C)How good will my reward be for my noteworthy performance level?
D)How serious a punishment do I expect if I do not perform well?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Vroom's model, instrumentality answers which...

Question 8

Doug runs a lawn care company. He believes his employees are motivated to do a good job for the customer without his having to constantly involve himself in their work. He does do some spot checks, but mainly to show his support for his employees. He knows his employees will go the extra mile for the customer and treat lawn problems they notice along the way. Doug's management style can be classified as ________.
A)Theory X
B)Theory Y
C)Theory Z
D)Expectancy Theory

Accepted Answer

Doug's management style aligns with Theory Y, which assumes that employees are motivated, enjoy work, and want to do a good job. Doug trusts his employees to take responsibility and actively seek solutions to problems they notice while on the job. He does not micromanage them, but rather supports and encourages them to do their best for the customer.

Question 9

InfoTech offers its employees long-term employment with a focus on individual responsibility. As a result, its workers are loyal to the organization, are highly productive, and have strong morale. The management style InfoTech most likely is applying is ________.
A)Theory X
B)Theory Y
C)Theory Z
D)Expectancy Theory

Accepted Answer

The management style that InfoTech is most likely applying is Theory Z. This theory emphasizes long-term employment, job security, collective decision-making, and individual responsibility. It is similar to Theory Y but emphasizes more on the cultural aspect of loyalty and trust. The high morale and productivity of InfoTech's employees suggest that this management style is effective in their organizational culture.

Question 10

William was a factory worker in the 1920s. His company trained him in the exact sequence of steps he needed to make each day so that he would work to maximum productivity. William's company was using the principles of ________.
A)uncertainty management
B)management by objectives
C)strength-based management
D)scientific management

Accepted Answer

William's company was using the principles of scientific management, which is a management approach that aims to improve efficiency and productivity by analyzing and optimizing workflow processes. One of the key features of scientific management is breaking down tasks into smaller, specific steps, and training workers to perform those steps in the most efficient way possible.

Question 11

Which statement about a Theory Y management style is FALSE?
A)People see work as a natural part of life.
B)Managers allow employees to create their own motivation.
C)People mainly want security in their jobs.
D)People will inherently seek responsibility.

Accepted Answer

Theory Y management states that employees see work as a natural part of life and will inherently seek responsibility. Managers allow employees to create their own motivation and set goals for themselves. However, the theory does not suggest that people mainly want security in their jobs. In fact, it assumes that employees will be motivated not only by financial incentives but also by fulfilling their psychological needs for self-actualization and personal growth.

Question 12

According to Vroom's model, which psychological force answers the question, "How great a reward will there be if my performance is exemplary?"
A)expectancy
B)instrumentality
C)valence
D)resonance

Accepted Answer

Valence is the psychological force that reflects the emotional value a person places on the outcome or reward they will receive if their performance is excellent. It answers the question, "How much do I want the reward?"

Question 13

For her psychology project, Melissa has decided to study the production levels of cooks at a local fast food restaurant. She expects the cooks in her study group to outperform the cooks in her control group because of ________.
A)the Hawthorne effect
B)the Taylor effect
C)intrinsic motivators
D)extrinsic motivators

Accepted Answer

The Hawthorne effect refers to the phenomenon where individuals modify their behavior when they know they are being observed. In this case, the cooks in Melissa's study group may be motivated to work harder because they know they are being studied, leading to higher production levels compared to the control group. The Taylor effect (B) refers specifically to the principles of scientific management and may not be applicable in this situation. Intrinsic motivators (C) refer to internal factors such as enjoyment or satisfaction from the task, while extrinsic motivators (D) refer to external factors such as rewards or punishments. While these factors may also influence production levels, they are not specifically tied to the Hawthorne effect.

Question 14

Juan is frustrated with his job of five years. He feels like nothing he does has any effect on the company's success or failure. He believes that his personal successes probably will not benefit him and, if there is any benefit, it will be very small. According to Vroom, Juan has ________.
A)high motivation
B)low motivation
C)nonexistent motivation
D)extreme motivation

Accepted Answer

Juan's belief that his actions will not have much impact on the company's success or failure and that he will not benefit much from his personal successes suggest that he has low motivation according to Vroom's expectancy theory.

Question 15

Natalia is a new employee in the sales department. Her early results are so tremendous that the regional sales manager sent an email to the sales department praising Natalia's work. To Natalia, this could be a(n)________.
A)intrinsic motivator
B)extrinsic motivator
C)resonance motivator
D)virtual motivator

Accepted Answer

The praise from the regional sales manager is an external factor, thus making it an extrinsic motivator.

Question 16

Barbara is a high school teacher and just completed her master's degree in education. Her department head rewards her with an increase in salary. To Barbara, this could be a(n)________.
A)intrinsic motivator
B)extrinsic motivator
C)resonance motivator
D)virtual motivator

Accepted Answer

An increase in salary is an external factor that is motivating Barbara, making it an extrinsic motivator.

Question 17

Anna, a psychology major, studied the history of her favorite subject. She learned that in the early 1900s, ________ psychology was created to understand scientifically how to manage employees and work optimally.
A)social
B)developmental
C)organizational
D)industrial

Accepted Answer

Industrial psychology, also known as industrial-organizational psychology, was developed in the early 1900s to scientifically study and improve employee management and workplace efficiency.

Question 18

Regina enjoys her work and feels her salary and benefits are excellent. Unfortunately, Regina shares an office with a co-worker she finds extremely difficult. Regina finds herself dreading heading off to work each morning. According to Herzberg, ________.
A)Regina will take her hygiene factors for granted and not be motivated to make any changes in her work environment
B)Regina will be motivated to improve her hygiene factors and seek a way to work in a more positive environment
C)Regina will focus her efforts on motivator factors and seek recognition for what she accomplishes in her difficult environment
D)Regina will focus her efforts on motivator factors and seek to improve her sense of responsibility

Accepted Answer

Herzberg's two-factor theory suggests that hygiene factors (such as salary and working conditions) can lead to dissatisfaction if they are not met, but they do not actually motivate employees. Motivation comes from satisfiers or motivator factors (such as recognition and achievement). Therefore, Regina may be satisfied with her salary and benefits but still feel unmotivated due to her difficult office environment. Herzberg suggests that she will be motivated to improve her hygiene factors and seek a way to work in a more positive environment.

Question 19

Antonio owns a small auto body shop. He is concerned with apathy among his employees and decides to add some extrinsic motivators in hopes of increasing performance. Which of the following is NOT an extrinsic motivator Antonio may try?
A)increased pay for specific work
B)promotional opportunities within the company
C)an "employee of the month" program
D)offering work employees may find more satisfying

Accepted Answer

Offering work employees may find more satisfying is an intrinsic motivator, as it appeals to the employee's inherent interest in the work itself, rather than an external reward or recognition. The other options, increased pay, promotional opportunities, and an employee of the month program, are all examples of extrinsic motivators.

Question 20

According to the Hawthorne effect, ________.
A)workers will be more productive when the physical influences on the workplace suit them
B)workers will be more productive when the psychological influences on the workplace suit them
C)workers will be more productive when they know they are being studied
D)workers will be less productive when they know they are being studied

Accepted Answer

The Hawthorne effect refers to the phenomenon where individuals modify their behavior or performance when they know they are being observed. Therefore, the correct choice is C, as workers will be more productive when they know they are being studied. The other choices are not directly related to the Hawthorne effect.

Quiz 8: Motivation, Leadership, and Teamwork

Ken owns a food services company and recently negotiated a contract with a new restaurant chain. The satisfaction Ken feels for this success is a(n) ________.

Karen is an accountant for a large construction company. Her supervisor decides to reward Karen's excellent performance with a one-time bonus. To Karen, this could be a(n) ________.

Which of the following is NOT a hygiene factor according to Herzberg?

Which statement about Theory Z is FALSE?

In which type of business would you most likely find a Theory X style of management?

According to Vroom's model, instrumentality answers which of the following questions?

InfoTech offers its employees long-term employment with a focus on individual responsibility. As a result, its workers are loyal to the organization, are highly productive, and have strong morale. The management style InfoTech most likely is applying is ________.

William was a factory worker in the 1920s. His company trained him in the exact sequence of steps he needed to make each day so that he would work to maximum productivity. William's company was using the principles of ________.

Which statement about a Theory Y management style is FALSE?

According to Vroom's model, which psychological force answers the question, "How great a reward will there be if my performance is exemplary?"

For her psychology project, Melissa has decided to study the production levels of cooks at a local fast food restaurant. She expects the cooks in her study group to outperform the cooks in her control group because of ________.

Juan is frustrated with his job of five years. He feels like nothing he does has any effect on the company's success or failure. He believes that his personal successes probably will not benefit him and, if there is any benefit, it will be very small. According to Vroom, Juan has ________.

Natalia is a new employee in the sales department. Her early results are so tremendous that the regional sales manager sent an email to the sales department praising Natalia's work. To Natalia, this could be a(n) ________.

Barbara is a high school teacher and just completed her master's degree in education. Her department head rewards her with an increase in salary. To Barbara, this could be a(n) ________.

Anna, a psychology major, studied the history of her favorite subject. She learned that in the early 1900s, ________ psychology was created to understand scientifically how to manage employees and work optimally.

Regina enjoys her work and feels her salary and benefits are excellent. Unfortunately, Regina shares an office with a co-worker she finds extremely difficult. Regina finds herself dreading heading off to work each morning. According to Herzberg, ________.

Antonio owns a small auto body shop. He is concerned with apathy among his employees and decides to add some extrinsic motivators in hopes of increasing performance. Which of the following is NOT an extrinsic motivator Antonio may try?

According to the Hawthorne effect, ________.