Question 1

Which era brought the formation of what remains the largest public relations professional association-the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA)?

Accepted Answer

The Public Relations Society of America (PRSA) was formed in the Postwar Era, specifically in 1947, as professionals in the field sought to organize and establish standards for the burgeoning industry following World War II.

Question 2

Amos Kendall, an unsung pioneer of public relations, was a key member of which president's "Kitchen Cabinet" during the late 1820s and early 1830s-working as pollster, counselor, ghostwriter, and publicist?

Accepted Answer

Amos Kendall was a key member of Andrew Jackson's "Kitchen Cabinet" during the late 1820s and early 1830s. He worked as a pollster, counselor, ghostwriter, and publicist for Jackson. Kendall is considered one of the pioneers of public relations in the United States for his role in shaping public opinion and promoting Jackson's agenda through various communication channels.

Question 3

Which practitioner is credited with coining the term "public relations counsel" in the 1923 book Crystallizing Public Opinion?

Accepted Answer

Edward Bernays is credited with coining the term "public relations counsel" in his 1923 book Crystallizing Public Opinion.

Question 4

The forerunner of today's public relations firms-The Publicity Bureau, founded in Boston-gained national prominence in 1906 when it was employed by which one of the following?

Accepted Answer

The Publicity Bureau, which is considered the forerunner of modern public relations firms, gained national prominence in 1906 when it was employed by the nation's railroads. This was a pivotal moment in the development of public relations as a professional field.

Question 5

You then point out that historian Allan Nevins said that Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay engineered "history's finest public relations job" to gain national acceptance of the U.S.Constitution.This organized effort to urge ratification of the Constitution included which one of the following?

Accepted Answer

The organized effort to urge ratification of the Constitution included the writing and publication of The Federalist Papers, which were a series of essays published in newspapers to explain and promote the new Constitution.

Question 6

In which of the following eras did muckraking journalism lead to widespread introduction of public relations in business?

Accepted Answer

Muckraking journalism in the early 20th century, particularly during the Seedbed Era, exposed corporate malpractices, leading businesses to adopt public relations strategies to improve their public image.

Question 7

Beginning in 1897, the term "public relations" appeared with increasing frequency in literature and executives' speeches in which industry?

Accepted Answer

The term "public relations" began appearing in literature and executives' speeches in the railroad industry in 1897, specifically with the appointment of Ivy Lee as the first public relations professional for the Pennsylvania Railroad.

Question 8

What organization in 1641 conducted the first fund-raising effort documented in the United States, including the first of countless public relations pamphlets and brochures?

Accepted Answer

Harvard College conducted the first fund-raising effort documented in the United States in 1641, which included the creation of public relations materials such as pamphlets and brochures to support its educational mission.

Question 9

You start by pointing out that the first use of the term "propaganda" was in the seventeenth century by which one of the following?

Accepted Answer

The term "propaganda" was first used by the Catholic Church in the seventeenth century when the Congregatio de Propaganda Fide (Congregation for Propagating the Faith) was established by Pope Gregory XV in 1622. This organization was tasked with spreading the Catholic faith in non-Catholic countries.

Question 10

The first full-time public relations practitioners were drawn from the ranks of which one of the following?

Accepted Answer

The first full-time public relations practitioners were primarily drawn from the ranks of journalism, as they possessed the required skills of writing and communication. Ivy Lee and Edward Bernays are examples of journalists who played significant roles in the early days of public relations.

Question 11

Which one of the following best accounts for the early development of public relations in the United States?

Accepted Answer

The early development of public relations in the United States was significantly influenced by power conflicts tied to political reform movements, as these movements required strategic communication to influence public opinion and policy.

Question 12

What company started the first corporate public relations department in 1889?

Accepted Answer

Westinghouse established the first corporate public relations department in 1889 to promote its alternating current system.

Question 13

Who struggled for professional equality because of her gender, worked as a partner with her husband in their firm, was an early feminist who kept her maiden name after marriage, and had to stay in the background while her husband gave advice to business leaders?

Accepted Answer

Doris Fleischman is described in the question as struggling for professional equality due to her gender, working as a partner with her husband in their firm, being an early feminist who kept her maiden name after marriage, and having to stay in the background while her husband gave advice to business leaders. The other choices do not fit all of these criteria.

Question 14

Who changed the scope of his practice from publicity to counseling clients and said, "If you issue an untruth in a public statement, it is going to be challenged just as soon as it sees the light"?

Accepted Answer

Ivy Lee is known for shifting his focus from publicity to counseling clients, emphasizing the importance of truthfulness in public statements.

Question 15

The Publicity Bureau opened for business in 1900 "to do a general press agent business for as many clients as possible for as good pay as the traffic would bear." What organization was the Publicity Bureau's first client?

Accepted Answer

The Publicity Bureau, recognized as the first public relations firm, had Harvard University as its first client. This marked the beginning of organized, professional public relations practices.

Question 16

Public relations textbooks written in the _________ era reflect the change from the "journalist-in-residence, telling-our-story" model of public relations to the "adjustment and adaptation" approach.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Public relations textbooks written in the _________...

Question 17

In the Seedbed Era, the Committee on Public Information demonstrated the power of publicity to mobilize public opinion.Whom did President Wilson appoint to head the effort to gain public support for U.S.entry into World War I?

Accepted Answer

President Wilson appointed George Creel to head the effort to gain public support for U.S. entry into World War I, as part of the Committee on Public Information during the Seedbed Era.

Question 18

Which two authors helped pave the way for public relations to become an area of academic study and professional practice when they published the first edition of our text, Effective Public Relations, in 1952?

Accepted Answer

Scott Cutlip and Allen Center helped pave the way for public relations to become an area of academic study and professional practice when they published the first edition of our text, Effective Public Relations, in 1952.

Question 19

Which practitioner is credited as being the first to realize the fallacy of publicity unsupported by good deeds, was among the first to use the "handout" (press release)on a large scale, and had great impact on the practice by issuing a "Declaration of Principles" in 1906?

Accepted Answer

Ivy Lee is credited with all of these accomplishments. He is considered one of the pioneers of modern public relations and laid the foundation for the profession's ethical standards with his Declaration of Principles.

Question 20

Which of the following was called "the best job of public relations known to history," because "ignorance was supplied with information and illustration"?

Accepted Answer

The Federalist Papers were called "the best job of public relations known to history" because they presented complex ideas about the Constitution in a clear and accessible manner to the general public, providing them with the necessary information and illustration to make informed decisions about the ratification of the Constitution.

Quiz 4: Historical Origins and Evolution

Which era brought the formation of what remains the largest public relations professional association-the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA) ?