Question 1

A colleague has used computer modeling to design an improved enzyme. To produce this enzyme, the next step is to

Accepted Answer

The answer of A colleague has used computer modeling to...

Question 2

Which of the following methods would be used to introduce the plasmid shown in Figure 9.5 into E. coli?

Accepted Answer

Transformation is the method used to introduce plasmids into E. coli, as it involves the uptake of foreign DNA by bacterial cells.

Question 3

Which of the following are used to silence specific genes and hold promise for treating cancer or viral diseases, such as hepatitis B?

Accepted Answer

RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process where RNA molecules inhibit gene expression or translation, effectively silencing targeted genes, and is being explored for therapeutic applications in cancer and viral diseases.

Question 4

Figure 9.5
 
-In Figure 9.5, the marker genes used for selecting recombinant DNA are

Accepted Answer

The marker genes used for selecting recombinant DNA are ampR (ampicillin resistance) and lacZ (beta-galactosidase), which help identify successful incorporation of foreign DNA.

Question 5

The use of ʺsuicideʺ genes in genetically modified organisms is designed to

Accepted Answer

Suicide genes are incorporated into genetically modified organisms to ensure that they can be controlled or eliminated if they escape into the environment, preventing their uncontrolled growth.

Question 6

Which of the following techniques is NOT used to introduce recombinant DNA into plants?

Accepted Answer

Microinjection is typically used for animal cells, not plant cells, as it involves directly injecting DNA into the nucleus of a cell using a fine needle, which is not feasible for plant cells due to their rigid cell walls.

Question 7

The use of an antibiotic-resistance gene on a plasmid used in genetic engineering makes

Accepted Answer

The antibiotic-resistance gene allows for direct selection by enabling only the cells that have successfully taken up the plasmid to survive in the presence of the antibiotic.

Question 8

You want to determine whether a person has a certain mutant gene. The process involves using a primer and a heat-stable DNA polymerase. This process is

Accepted Answer

PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is a technique used to amplify a specific region of DNA. It involves using a primer, a heat-stable DNA polymerase, and a thermal cycler to repeatedly heat and cool the DNA sample, allowing the DNA polymerase to extend the primer and create new copies of the target DNA region.

Question 9

Gene silencing involves all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Gene silencing typically involves small interfering RNAs, double-stranded RNAs, the RNA-induced silencing complex, and Dicer, but not the binding of small interfering RNA to a gene promoter.

Question 10

In the Southern blot technique, which of the following is NOT required?

Accepted Answer

The Southern blot technique does not require the addition of heat-stable DNA polymerase, as it is not a PCR-based method and does not involve DNA amplification.

Question 11

Which of the following are used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to track outbreaks of foodborne disease?

Accepted Answer

DNA fingerprinting, restriction fragment length polymorphisms, and reverse-transcriptase PCR (rtPCR) are all used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to track outbreaks of foodborne disease.

Question 12

A source of heat-stable DNA polymerase is

Accepted Answer

Thermus aquaticus is a bacterium that thrives in hot environments, and its DNA polymerase, known as Taq polymerase, is heat-stable, making it ideal for use in PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) processes.

Question 13

Assume you have discovered a cell that produces a lipase that works in cold water for a laundry additive. You can increase the efficiency of this enzyme by changing one amino acid. This is done by

Accepted Answer

Site-directed mutagenesis is a technique used to make specific and intentional changes to the DNA sequence of a gene, allowing for the alteration of a particular amino acid in a protein to enhance its efficiency.

Question 14

The Pap test for cervical cancer involves microscopic examination of cervical cells for cancerous cells. A new, rapid diagnostic test to detect human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA before cancer develops is done without microscopic exam. The steps involved in this FastHPV test are listed below. What is the second step?

Accepted Answer

The second step in the FastHPV test is to add an RNA probe for HPV DNA. This probe will bind to any HPV DNA that is present in the sample, which will allow it to be detected in the subsequent steps of the test.

Question 15

Which of the following places the steps in the PCR procedure in the correct order?
1) Incubate at 94°C to denature DNA strands;
2) Incubate at 72°C for DNA synthesis;
3) Incubate at 60°C for primer hybridization.

Accepted Answer

The correct order of steps in PCR is: denaturation at 94°C, primer annealing at 60°C, and DNA synthesis at 72°C.

Question 16

The following steps must be performed to make a bacterium produce human protein X. 1- Translation
2- Restriction enzyme
3- Prokaryotic transcription 4-DNA ligase
5- Transformation
6- Eukaryotic transcription 7-Reverse transcription
Which of the following places the steps in the correct order?

Accepted Answer

To produce human protein X in bacteria, start with eukaryotic transcription (6) to obtain mRNA, then reverse transcription (7) to convert mRNA to cDNA. Use restriction enzymes (2) to cut DNA, ligate (4) the cDNA into a plasmid, transform (5) the plasmid into bacteria, perform prokaryotic transcription (3), and finally translation (1) to produce the protein.

Question 17

The Human Genome Project, which was completed in 2003, was focused on

Accepted Answer

The Human Genome Project was focused on determining the nucleotide sequence of the entire human genome.

Question 18

You have a small gene that you wish replicated by PCR. After 3 replication cycles, how many double-stranded DNA molecules do you have?

Accepted Answer

In PCR, the number of DNA molecules doubles with each cycle. Starting with one double-stranded DNA molecule, after 3 cycles, you have 2^3 = 8 double-stranded DNA molecules.

Question 19

Figure 9.5
 
-In Figure 9.5, the gene that allows the plasmid to be self-replicating is

Accepted Answer

The ori gene is responsible for the self-replication of the plasmid.

Question 20

A restriction fragment is

Accepted Answer

A restriction fragment is a segment of DNA that is produced by cutting DNA with restriction enzymes.

Quiz 9: Biotechnology and Dna Technology