Question 1

The nurse is providing care for a young adult client who has been diagnosed with Goodpasture's syndrome. Which does the nurse identify, when reviewing test results, as an indicator of the client being at high risk for developing Goodpasture's syndrome in the kidney and lungs?

Accepted Answer

A

Question 2

Which statements does the nurse identify as correct after contrasting peritoneal dialysis (PD) with hemodialysis and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

B,E

Question 3

The nurse is assessing a client with suspected nephrolithiasis. Which factors does the nurse identify as possible causes for the disease? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Factors that can contribute to the formation of kidney stones (nephrolithiasis) include excreting excess uric acid in the urine (A), having a family history of renal calculi (C), and suffering from hyperparathyroidism (E). Drinking over 3 liters of water daily (B) typically helps prevent stones by diluting the urine, and not taking calcium supplements (D) is not directly linked to stone formation; in fact, dietary calcium may actually help prevent certain types of stones.

Question 4

Which constitute the net effects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) of the kidneys? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) promotes sodium and water reabsorption, which helps to increase blood volume and blood pressure. It also facilitates potassium excretion, as aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption in exchange for potassium in the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidneys. RAAS does not cause arterial vasodilation; instead, it leads to vasoconstriction, which is opposite to the effect listed in option E.

Question 5

Which statement made by a nurse pertains to the theory of protein deficiency as a possible cause of the formation of renal calculi?

Accepted Answer

Nephrocalcin is a protein that plays a role in inhibiting the formation of kidney stones. A deficiency in this protein can lead to an increased risk of renal calculi formation, making statement D correct in the context of protein deficiency theories related to kidney stone formation.

Question 6

A nurse is reviewing the treatment of nephrolithiasis with staff nurses. Which statements made by an attending nurse indicate the need for additional review? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse is reviewing the treatment of...

Question 7

A health-care provider is evaluating the urine and blood test reports of a client with a muscular body structure. Which observations are most likely to indicate that the client is experiencing renal impairment? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A health-care provider is evaluating the urine...

Question 8

Which statement made by a nurse demonstrates understanding of the secretory functions of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

The kidneys play a crucial role in calcium balance by converting vitamin D into its active form, which is necessary for calcium absorption in the intestines. Impaired renal function can lead to a disruption in this process, affecting calcium balance in the bloodstream.

Question 9

The nurse is assessing the urinalysis report of a client of average build. Which observation definitely indicates a state of illness in the client?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is assessing the urinalysis report...

Question 10

The nurse notices the glomerular filtration rate of a client has decreased. Which are the possible reasons for this change? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A decrease in blood pressure and renal perfusion can reduce glomerular filtration rate. Additionally, a decrease in GFR can be part of the normal aging process.

Question 11

What percentage of the body's cardiac output is received by the kidneys? 1.5% to 10%

Accepted Answer

The kidneys receive about 20% to 25% of the body's cardiac output, which is necessary for their role in filtering blood and regulating fluid and electrolyte balance.

Question 12

The nurse is providing care for a client admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) after surgery for multiple accident-related injuries. The client's spouse asks why the nurse is measuring the client's urine every hour. What is the reason for the assessment?

Accepted Answer

Blood loss from surgery and injuries can cause prerenal dysfunction.

Question 13

The nurse assesses a client for the presence of proteinuria. What observations indicate the client is experiencing this condition? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Protein excretion in urine of 200 mg/day indicates proteinuria, as normal protein excretion is less than 150 mg/day. Foamy urine is a common sign of proteinuria due to the protein in the urine creating a foamy appearance.

Question 14

Which is a likely cause of elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in a client?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration can lead to elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels because when the body is dehydrated, there is less fluid available to dilute the urea in the bloodstream, leading to a higher concentration of BUN.

Question 15

Which percentage of clients diagnosed with Goodpasture's syndrome has clinically apparent manifestations of pulmonary and renal disease?

Accepted Answer

Goodpasture's syndrome is characterized by the presence of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies leading to both pulmonary and renal disease. 60% to 80% of clients diagnosed with Goodpasture's syndrome have clinically apparent manifestations of both pulmonary and renal disease.

Question 16

The nurse is providing care for a client with a history of insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus. Currently, the client is diagnosed with renal failure. Which effect does the client's condition have on the insulin administered by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

In patients with renal failure, the kidneys' ability to metabolize and excrete insulin is reduced, leading to decreased degradation of insulin. This can result in prolonged action of insulin and a potential risk for hypoglycemia, necessitating careful monitoring and possible adjustment of insulin dosages.

Question 17

Which statement made by a nurse demonstrates understanding of the basic pathology of renal disorders?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement made by a nurse demonstrates...

Question 18

The nurse is reviewing the difference between acute kidney injury and chronic renal failure. Which client does the nurse identify as having chronic renal failure?

Accepted Answer

Chronic renal failure is often due to long-term diseases or conditions that gradually damage the kidneys over time, leading to a decrease in kidney function. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can cause inflammation and damage to various body organs, including the kidneys, over time. This can lead to chronic renal failure. Conditions A, B, and D are more likely to cause acute kidney injury rather than chronic renal failure, as they describe acute or sudden events.

Question 19

A client presents with a specific type of renal calculi that is not widely prevalent. The nurse knows this client has been undergoing chemotherapy for the treatment of cancer. Which is an associated characteristic of the type of renal calculi that is most likely to be present in this client?

Accepted Answer

High purine levels in the bloodstream are associated with certain types of chemotherapy treatments. Chemotherapy can lead to increased cell turnover, resulting in elevated purine levels, which in turn can lead to the formation of uric acid stones.

Question 20

A client has a history of kidney stones and states, "My whole family has kidney stones." Which is the most likely reason for the client's formation of renal calculi?

Accepted Answer

A genetic predisposition to kidney stones can run in families, making individuals more likely to develop stones if their family members have had them.

Quiz 22: Renal Disorders