Question 1

Phenotype is the expression of genotype,and this is determined according to the basic patterns of dominance and codominance.Define each pattern and give an example trait for each.

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Question 2

Explain the chromosome abnormality associated with fragile-X syndrome and describe some of the characteristics found in individuals with this syndrome.

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Question 3

Explain what is meant by the term canalization and provide examples of genetic canalization and environmental canalization in human development.

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Question 4

We typically associate genetic mutations with maladaptive outcomes,but evolutionary theorists believe some of these mutations may actually be beneficial.Provide an example that supports the evolutionary position.

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Question 5

Give the formula for calculating the heritability coefficient for a trait and explain what information this coefficient provides.

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Question 6

Identify two potential causes of chromosomal abnormalities.

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Question 7

List three methods of prenatal testing and note the advantages and limitations associated with each procedure.

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Question 8

Summarize each of the genotype/environment correlations proposed by Scarr and McCartney (1983).

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Question 9

Describe gene replacement therapy and germline gene therapy and discuss the ethical issues associated with each of these forms of treatment.

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Question 10

Use genotype/environment correlations to explain why identical twins are likely to show a high similarity to each other,even when they are raised in different home environments.

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Question 11

Explain why diseases such as Tay-Sachs continue to occur,given that the disease is always fatal during early childhood.

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Question 12

Discuss how the four central developmental themes of the text relate to the issue of heredity and development.

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Question 13

Use genotype/environment correlations to explain why fraternal twins and other nontwin siblings are likely to become increasingly dissimilar on many attributes as they mature.

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Question 14

List three examples of defects that are attributable to a single pair of genes rather than to chromosomal abnormalities.

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Question 15

Summarize the range-of-reaction principle using appropriate examples.

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Question 16

Discuss what shared environmental influences are and explain how the overall impact of these influences can be estimated.

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Question 17

Behavioural geneticists who study human behaviour usually rely on two types of family studies to determine the influence of heredity on a trait.Describe the rationale behind each of these research designs and also indicate the types of comparisons that can be made with each design.

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Question 18

Discuss the general conclusions behavioural geneticists have reached concerning the role of heredity in intellectual performance,personality,and mental illness.

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Question 19

Discuss what nonshared environmental influences (NSE)are and explain how the overall impact of these influences can be estimated.

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Question 20

During meiosis,two basic processes contribute to the eventual hereditary "uniqueness" of the child: independent assortment and crossing-over.Discuss the contributions of each process.

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Quiz 3: Hereditary Influences on Development