Question 1

According to Freud, condensation, displacement, and secondary elaboration are types of

Accepted Answer

Condensation, displacement, and secondary elaboration are all types of dream processes according to Freud's theory of dream interpretation. Condensation refers to the process by which multiple thoughts, ideas, or emotions are combined into a single dream image or symbol. Displacement involves the shifting of emotional significance from one person or object to another in a dream. Secondary elaboration refers to the process by which the dream content is organized and embellished to create a coherent narrative.

Question 2

Marty dreams about a strange man standing behind a door.To interpret his dream, Marty speaks aloud to the man, then answers for him, and even speaks for the door, saying "I am a barrier.I keep you safe, but I also keep you locked inside.The stranger has something to tell you.You must risk opening me to learn it." Marty is using the dream analysis technique of

Accepted Answer

Marty is using the Gestalt dream analysis technique developed by Fritz Perls. This technique involves speaking in the present tense to different elements of the dream and imagining what they would say in response. Marty is speaking to the man and the door as if they were separate entities with their own voices and perspectives, which is a key aspect of Gestalt dream analysis.

Question 3

Eugene is angry at a teacher and that night dreams that the teacher falls down a flight of stairs, rather than dreaming that he hits the teacher.According to Freud, which dream process would explain this dream action substitution?

Accepted Answer

Displacement is the dream process in which an emotionally significant object or person is replaced by a less threatening one. In this case, Eugene's anger towards the teacher may have been too overwhelming for him to dream about hitting the teacher, so his unconscious substituted the action of the teacher falling down the stairs instead.

Question 4

If you find yourself wearing a mask in a dream, it could relate to important roles that you play at school, work, or home; or it could also mean that you want to hide.These interpretations best illustrate which dream process?​

Accepted Answer

Symbolization involves using imagery or symbols to represent something else. In this case, the mask symbolizes important roles or a desire to hide.

Question 5

The overall emotional tone or underlying mood of a dream is a major clue to its meaning, according to

Accepted Answer

Ernest Hartmann, a prominent dream researcher, emphasizes the importance of the emotional tone or atmosphere of a dream in understanding its meaning. He developed the concept of "dreams and nightmares as a window into emotion regulation" and believed that the emotional themes of dreams reflect the dreamer's current emotional state and psychological well-being.

Question 6

The fresher a dream memory is, the more useful it is likely to be.Nevertheless, the dreamer upon awakening often adds details that make the dream more logical and complete.According to Freud, this dream process is known as

Accepted Answer

Secondary elaboration is the process in which the dreamer upon awakening adds details to the dream, making it more logical and complete. This is believed by Freud to be a way in which the unconscious mind tries to make sense of the dream content. Displacement is the process in which emotional energy is transferred from a specific target to a more general one. Condensation refers to the process in which multiple elements in a dream are combined into a single image or idea. Symbolization is the process in which an object, person, or event in the dream represents something else in the dreamer's life.

Question 7

According to Freud, the dream process in which a single character in a dream may represent several people at once is

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, condensation occurs in the dream process when multiple people, objects, or ideas are combined into a single element within a dream. This can result in a single character in the dream representing several people at once.

Question 8

Perls believed that dreams are best interpreted as

Accepted Answer

Perls, the founder of Gestalt therapy, viewed dreams as messages about what is missing in our lives, reflecting unresolved issues or unmet needs.

Question 9

Which dream theorist suggests that dreams arise as our brains seek to make creative connections and that one should ignore the elements of a dream which merely replay a day's events and focus instead on the unusual dream elements?

Accepted Answer

Ernest Hartmann proposed that dreams help in making creative connections and emphasized focusing on unusual dream elements rather than those that replay daily events.

Question 10

Which dream theorist believed that most dreams are special messages about what's missing in our lives, what we avoid doing, or feelings that need to be "re-owned"?

Accepted Answer

Fritz Perls, the founder of Gestalt therapy, believed that dreams were a way to access suppressed parts of our consciousness and that most dreams are special messages about what's missing in our lives, what we avoid doing, or feelings that need to be "re-owned".

Question 11

According to Freud, the four dream processes include condensation, displacement, secondary elaboration, and

Accepted Answer

The four dream processes according to Freud include condensation, displacement, secondary elaboration, and symbolization.

Question 12

A teenager angry with his parents might dream of accidentally wrecking their car instead of directly attacking them.According to Freud, this could be an example of

Accepted Answer

This dream is an example of displacement, which is when an individual redirects their feelings or impulses towards a more acceptable or less threatening target. The teenager is angry at his parents but instead of attacking them directly, he redirects his anger towards an inanimate object, their car.

Question 13

Sue dreams about a child sitting in her bedroom crying, while Sue runs around trying to console the child.According to Freud, this one child represents all the people in her life that Sue is attempting to care for, including her elderly mother, her husband, her children, and her students.Since this one dream character represents so many aspects of Sue's life, the dream process being utilized is

Accepted Answer

Condensation is the process in dreaming where one dream symbol can represent multiple ideas, people, or emotions. So in this case, the child in Sue's dream is condensing all the people in her life that she is trying to care for. Displacement is the process of redirecting an emotion or impulse from its original source to a target that is less threatening. Sublimation is the process of channeling negative emotions or impulses into positive behaviors. Secondary elaboration is the process by which the mind weaves together a coherent story from various elements of the dream.

Question 14

According to Freud, the dream process in which important emotions are redirected toward safe or seemingly unimportant images is

Accepted Answer

The dream process in which important emotions are redirected toward safe or seemingly unimportant images is displacement. Secondary elaboration involves the process of the dream becoming more logical and coherent, condensation involves multiple ideas or concepts being represented by one symbol, and symbolization involves abstract concepts being represented by concrete images.

Question 15

Anna has an argument with her roommate and then dreams that she accidentally put a red towel in with her roommate's white clothes in the washer.According to Freud, this could be an example of

Accepted Answer

The dream of putting a red towel in the washer with white clothes can be interpreted as a symbol of the displacement of Anna's anger towards her roommate. This means that Anna is unable to express her anger towards her roommate directly, so it is displaced onto the dream image of the red towel in the white clothes.

Question 16

If you feel vulnerable in your class, or are unprepared for a test, and dream that you came to class naked, then you are experiencing

Accepted Answer

This dream is an example of symbolization because being naked in front of a class represents feeling vulnerable or exposed.

Question 17

Which of the following was the originator of Gestalt therapy and encouraged people to speak to the characters in their dreams to better understand the dream content?

Accepted Answer

Fritz Perls was the originator of Gestalt therapy and encouraged people to speak to the characters in their dreams as a way to better understand the dream content. Sigmund Freud is known for his work in psychoanalysis, Ernest Hartmann is known for his research on dreams and sleep, and Stephen LaBerge is known for his work on lucid dreaming.

Question 18

If you have a dream in which one character in the dream looks like your teacher, acts like your father, talks like your mother, and is dressed like your employer, this one character is representing all the authority figures in your life and is an example of the dream process known as

Accepted Answer

Condensation is a dream process where multiple ideas, images, or figures are combined into a single entity, representing various aspects or influences in one's life.

Question 19

When a dreamer makes a dream more logical by adding details to the dream after awakening, the dream process being used is

Accepted Answer

Secondary elaboration is the process in which a dreamer adds details to a dream after waking up to make it more logical or coherent. This process can often lead to interpretation and analysis of the dream content. Displacement involves replacing a threatening or unacceptable idea or impulse with a less threatening or acceptable one. Condensation involves combining multiple ideas or concepts into a single dream image. Symbolization involves using symbols to represent ideas or concepts in a dream.

Question 20

Eric is telling his dream to his therapist and describes walking through a forest with bats flying overhead and the moon over his shoulder.Eric's therapist encourages him to speak aloud as each character in his story, the moon, the bats, and the trees.Eric's therapist is using the dream analysis technique of

Accepted Answer

Fritz Perls is known for using the technique of Gestalt therapy, which often involves having clients speak aloud as different parts of their dream. This encourages the client to gain a deeper understanding of the symbols and meanings within their dream.

Quiz 5: States of Consciousness.