Question 1

When her mother-in-law criticizes her cooking, hairstyle, etc.Marie used to become angry and hurt.However, Marie now tries to feel compassion for her mother-in-law's insecurities and become nicer toward her, since she has learned to
A) pay more attention to her own facial feedback.
B) make cognitive distinctions between real and perceived criticisms.
C) change her attributions and emotional appraisals.
D) unconsciously lower her arousal levels.

Accepted Answer

Marie has learned to change her attributions and emotional appraisals in response to her mother-in-law's criticisms. Instead of taking them personally and feeling hurt or angry, she is trying to understand that her mother-in-law's criticisms stem from her own insecurities and is responding with compassion and kindness. This suggests a shift in Marie's cognitive and emotional responses to the situation.

Question 2

If an event is judged to be threatening, you will feel anxiety.If a situation looks dire and you fear the worst but yearn for the best, you will feel hope.If you see something another person has and wish it was yours, you will feel envy.These feelings of anxiety, hope, and envy are due to your
A) emotional appraisals.
B) unconscious attributions.
C) cognitive distinctions.
D) facial feedback.

Accepted Answer

These feelings are all examples of emotional responses to specific situations, which are the result of our emotional appraisals or evaluations of those situations.

Question 3

According to Richard Lazarus, people tend to evaluate a stimulus as good or bad, threatening or supportive, relevant or irrelevant, and so on.This illustrates
A) emotional appraisal.
B) unconscious attribution.
C) cognitive distinction.
D) facial feedback.

Accepted Answer

Richard Lazarus's theory of appraisal suggests that people evaluate stimuli in terms of their emotional significance, which is known as emotional appraisal. This involves assessing whether a stimulus is good or bad, threatening or supportive, relevant or irrelevant, and so on.

Question 4

According to Stanley Schachter, the emotions we feel are affected by
A) perceptions, attitudes, judgment, and experience.
B) hypothalamic and thalamic activity.
C) the feedback we receive from our facial expressions.
D) the suppression of the arousal felt.

Accepted Answer

According to Stanley Schachter, our emotions are affected by perceptions, attitudes, judgment, and experience. This theory is known as the two-factor theory of emotion, which suggests that our emotional experiences are a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. Hence, option A is the correct answer.

Question 5

According to Richard Lazarus, one's evaluation of the personal meaning of a stimulus or situation is known as
A) facial feedback.
B) unconscious attribution.
C) cognitive distinction.
D) emotional appraisal.

Accepted Answer

The evaluation of the personal meaning of a stimulus or situation is referred to as emotional appraisal, which is the process of evaluating a situation based on the emotions it elicits. This concept was introduced by Richard Lazarus, who emphasized the importance of subjective experiences in determining how individuals respond to stressors in their environment. Facial feedback refers to the influence that facial expressions have on emotion, while unconscious attribution involves making judgments about the cause of an event without conscious awareness. Cognitive distinction is not a recognized term within the field of psychology.

Question 6

Which of the following is the mental process of assigning causes to events, such as one assigning bodily arousal to a particular source?
A) attribution
B) negation
C) feedback
D) homeostasis

Accepted Answer

Attribution is the mental process of assigning causes to events. It involves making judgments about the reasons behind our own and other people's behavior.

Question 7

Which of the following researchers in the area of emotion would probably be most interested in Valins's notion of attribution?
A) James and Lange
B) Cannon and Bard
C) Dodson
D) Schachter

Accepted Answer

Schachter's two-factor theory of emotion emphasizes the importance of cognitive labeling or attribution of physiological arousal in determining the specific emotional experience. Therefore, Schachter would be the most interested in Valins's notion of attribution.

Question 8

Regarding Valins's experiment in which male subjects were given phony feedback about their heart rate responses to slides of nude females, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) The male subjects who heard the false heartbeat consistently rated the slides paired with a "pounding heart" as the most attractive.
B) The results of this experiment demonstrate the effects of attribution on emotions.
C) The male subjects, in order to explain their apparent arousal, came to believe that the slides they selected during the phony rapid heart beat were really the most attractive.
D) Valins' theory is most similar to the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion.

Accepted Answer

The statement "Valins' theory is most similar to the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion" is false. Valins' theory is based on the idea that physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation work together to produce an emotional experience, while the Cannon-Bard theory proposed that physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously and independently.

Question 9

Which theory of emotion predicts that you are most likely to "love" someone who gets you stirred up emotionally, even when fear, anger, frustration, or rejection is part of the formula?
A) Cannon-Bard
B) attribution
C) James-Lange
D) common sense

Accepted Answer

The attribution theory suggests that individuals make sense of their experiences by attributing them to causes, including emotions. In the context of love, this theory predicts that if someone causes an intense emotional reaction, you might attribute some of those feelings to love, especially if you interpret the arousal as positive or if the emotional context is ambiguous. This is why you might "love" someone who stirs up strong emotions, regardless of the specific type of emotion.

Question 10

Although he doesn't understand why, Rick finds that his attraction to his girlfriend is intensified when she flirts with other men.Rick's increased attraction may be caused by his
A) denial of his anger.
B) secondary appraisal of his girlfriend's worth.
C) frustration at not being able to change the situation.
D) attribution of his emotional arousal as attraction.

Accepted Answer

Rick is experiencing misattribution of his emotional state. When his girlfriend flirts with other men, it causes him to feel a range of emotions, including jealousy and arousal. However, he may not be able to accurately distinguish between these emotions, leading him to attribute his overall emotional state to attraction towards his girlfriend.

Question 11

When parents try to break up the romance of a son or daughter, they tend to add anger, frustration, and fear to the situation.Then, the romantic couple may see the cause of all these intense feelings to their "love." This situation illustrates the effects of the mental process called
A) negation.
B) feedback.
C) attribution
D) homeostasis.

Accepted Answer

Attribution refers to the process of assigning a cause to our own or others' behavior or experiences. In this situation, the parents are attributing the intense negative emotions they are experiencing to the romance of their son or daughter, rather than recognizing their own emotional reactions and the underlying reasons for them.

Question 12

In the "love on a swaying bridge" experiment, the findings that the men interviewed on the high swaying suspension bridge called the lovely interviewer more than the men interviewed on the solid wooden bridge suggest that the
A) men on the swaying bridge interpreted their heightened arousal as attraction for the lovely interviewer.
B) lovely interviewer smiled more at the men on the swaying bridge than the solid bridge.
C) men on the swaying bridge were younger than the men on the solid wooden bridge.
D) men on the swaying bridge were more athletic than the men on the solid wooden bridge.

Accepted Answer

The findings suggest that the men on the swaying bridge interpreted their heightened arousal (due to the physical sensation of the swaying bridge) as attraction towards the lovely interviewer. This is supported by the fact that they called her more often. The other options (B, C, and D) are not supported by the information provided in the description of the experiment.

Question 13

The perception of an emotion in any situation can depend on what a person thinks has caused his or her feelings of physical arousal.This illustrates
A) negation according to the James-Lange theory.
B) homeostasis according to the Cannon-Bard theory.
C) feedback according to the facial feedback theory.
D) attribution according to the cognitive theory.

Accepted Answer

The statement is referring to the cognitive theory of emotion, which suggests that people label their emotions based on their cognitive appraisal of the situation and their subjective interpretation of the physiological changes they are experiencing. Therefore, the perception of an emotion can depend on what a person thinks has caused their physical arousal, which is an attributional process.

Question 14

Which of the following theorists believes that the emotions you experience are greatly influenced by how you evaluate the personal meaning of a stimulus?
A) Carrol Izard
B) Paul Ekman
C) Richard Lazarus
D) Carl Lange

Accepted Answer

Richard Lazarus is known for his cognitive appraisal theory, which states that the way an individual evaluates a personal meaning of a stimulus greatly influences the emotions they experience. The other options have contributed to the study of emotions but do not specifically focus on the role of personal meaning in emotional experiences.

Question 15

Which two psychologists added thinking and interpretation (cognition)to our view of emotion?
A) James-Lange
B) Schachter and Lazarus
C) Cannon and Bard
D) Izard and Ekman

Accepted Answer

Schachter and Lazarus both added thinking and interpretation (cognition) to our view of emotion. Schachter proposed the two-factor theory of emotion, which states that emotions are the result of both physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation of that arousal. Lazarus also emphasized the role of cognitive appraisal in determining emotional experiences.

Question 16

You promised a friend to pick him up after work.As you arrive at home, your friend calls you and says that he has been waiting for over an hour for you to pick him up.You realize that you have not lived up to your promise and feel shame.Richard Lazarus would say that your feeling of shame occurred because of your
A) unconscious attribution.
B) emotional appraisal.
C) cognitive distinction.
D) facial feedback.

Accepted Answer

Richard Lazarus would argue that the emotion of shame arises from our appraisal of a situation, where we evaluate our behavior against our own standards and find that we have fallen short. The fact that the individual in the scenario feels shame suggests that they are evaluating their behavior as not meeting their own expectations for how they should treat their friend.

Question 17

Valins conducted a classic study in which male college students viewed a series of photographs of nude females while listening to an amplified heartbeat that each student believed was his own.According to Valins, how the males in this study interpreted their emotional response to the pictures was determined by
A) the feedback they received from their facial expressions.
B) their brains' thalamic activity.
C) their limbic system feedback.
D) the attributions they made.

Accepted Answer

Valins' study showed that the males' emotional response to the pictures was influenced by the attributions they made about their bodily reaction (the amplified heartbeat). Essentially, if the males attributed their arousal to the pictures, they experienced a stronger emotional response, while if they attributed it to the heartbeat, they experienced a weaker emotional response. The feedback from facial expressions, thalamic activity, and limbic system feedback were not factors specifically measured in this study.

Question 18

You were recently awarded a full academic scholarship to a prestigious university.Richard Lazarus would say that your feeling of pride occur because you have linked yourself with this accomplishment through
A) unconscious attribution.
B) emotional appraisal.
C) cognitive distinction.
D) facial feedback.

Accepted Answer

According to Richard Lazarus, the feeling of pride that occurs after receiving a full academic scholarship is due to emotional appraisal, which is the process of evaluating the significance of the event for oneself. The individual feels recognized for their accomplishments and links themselves positively to the outcome. This emotional appraisal process is what leads to the feeling of pride.

Question 19

An experiment in which male subjects were given phony feedback about their heart rate responses to slides of nude females shows that
A) perception of emotion is altered by misinformation about the effects of adrenaline.
B) people are not easily fooled about their own emotional responses.
C) physical arousal is unimportant to emotion.
D) emotion is affected by the attribution of physical arousal.

Accepted Answer

The experiment showed that when male subjects were given phony feedback about their heart rate responses to slides of nude females, their emotional response to the slides was affected by the attribution of physical arousal. The subjects who believed their heart rate had increased were more likely to report feeling sexually aroused than those who were told their heart rate had not increased. This suggests that the interpretation and attribution of physical arousal can affect the experience of emotion.

Question 20

You have worked very hard, putting in a great deal of overtime at work.Your boss not only does not notice your hard work but comments on the "messiness" of your office.You think that your boss' actions were unfair and demeaning, and you feel hurt and angry.Richard Lazarus would say that these feelings occurred because of
A) emotional appraisal.
B) unconscious attribution.
C) cognitive distinction.
D) facial feedback.

Accepted Answer

According to Lazarus' cognitive appraisal theory, our emotions are a result of our appraisal of a situation or event. In this scenario, the individual feels hurt and angry because they have appraised their boss' actions as unfair and demeaning. This process is known as emotional appraisal.

Quiz 10: Motivation and Emotion.

When her mother-in-law criticizes her cooking, hairstyle, etc.Marie used to become angry and hurt.However, Marie now tries to feel compassion for her mother-in-law's insecurities and become nicer toward her, since she has learned to

If an event is judged to be threatening, you will feel anxiety.If a situation looks dire and you fear the worst but yearn for the best, you will feel hope.If you see something another person has and wish it was yours, you will feel envy.These feelings of anxiety, hope, and envy are due to your

According to Richard Lazarus, people tend to evaluate a stimulus as good or bad, threatening or supportive, relevant or irrelevant, and so on.This illustrates

According to Stanley Schachter, the emotions we feel are affected by

According to Richard Lazarus, one's evaluation of the personal meaning of a stimulus or situation is known as

Which of the following is the mental process of assigning causes to events, such as one assigning bodily arousal to a particular source?

Which of the following researchers in the area of emotion would probably be most interested in Valins's notion of attribution?

Regarding Valins's experiment in which male subjects were given phony feedback about their heart rate responses to slides of nude females, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which theory of emotion predicts that you are most likely to "love" someone who gets you stirred up emotionally, even when fear, anger, frustration, or rejection is part of the formula?

Although he doesn't understand why, Rick finds that his attraction to his girlfriend is intensified when she flirts with other men.Rick's increased attraction may be caused by his

When parents try to break up the romance of a son or daughter, they tend to add anger, frustration, and fear to the situation.Then, the romantic couple may see the cause of all these intense feelings to their "love." This situation illustrates the effects of the mental process called

In the "love on a swaying bridge" experiment, the findings that the men interviewed on the high swaying suspension bridge called the lovely interviewer more than the men interviewed on the solid wooden bridge suggest that the

The perception of an emotion in any situation can depend on what a person thinks has caused his or her feelings of physical arousal.This illustrates

Which of the following theorists believes that the emotions you experience are greatly influenced by how you evaluate the personal meaning of a stimulus?

Which two psychologists added thinking and interpretation (cognition) to our view of emotion?

You were recently awarded a full academic scholarship to a prestigious university.Richard Lazarus would say that your feeling of pride occur because you have linked yourself with this accomplishment through

An experiment in which male subjects were given phony feedback about their heart rate responses to slides of nude females shows that