Question 1

If you are someone who likes to try different activities, foods, or experiences, you would probably score high on the dimension of sensation-seeking.

Accepted Answer

Sensation-seeking refers to the desire to pursue novel and intense experiences, such as trying new activities, foods or experiences. Therefore, individuals who enjoy trying different things are likely to score high on this dimension.

Question 2

Drive theories cannot adequately explain behaviors directed toward increasing tension and physiological arousal.

Accepted Answer

Drive theories primarily focus on reducing tension and physiological arousal, not increasing them. They are based on the idea that organisms are motivated to maintain homeostasis.

Question 3

According to arousal theory, the higher a person's level of arousal, the higher his or her level of motivation to engage in physiologically arousing behavior.

Accepted Answer

Arousal theory suggests that people are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal, not necessarily to increase it. Too much arousal can lead to stress and decreased motivation.

Question 4

Drives "push" motivated behavior, while incentives "pull" motivated behavior.

Accepted Answer

This is a commonly accepted distinction in the field of psychology and motivation. Drives refer to internal motivations such as hunger or thirst, which push individuals to take action to satisfy their needs. Incentives, on the other hand, are external rewards or benefits that pull individuals towards a particular behavior or goal.

Question 5

Nate wonders how his friend Jim can wake up at 5:00 every morning to swim laps before school. When he asks about it, Jimreplies that he simply wants to realize his highest personal potential in swimming. Jim's explanation is most consistent with humanistic theories of motivation.

Accepted Answer

Humanistic theories of motivation emphasize the importance of self-actualization, the striving to reach one's highest potential and pursue personal growth and fulfillment. Jim's desire to swim laps every morning to reach his full potential is consistent with this perspective.

Question 6

According to humanistic theories of motivation, homeostasis isthe driving force behind the tendency of humans to strive fortheir highest potential.

Accepted Answer

Humanistic theories of motivation suggest that individuals are motivated to achieve their highest potential through the pursuit of self-actualization, which is not driven by homeostasis but by the desire for personal growth and fulfillment.

Question 7

Humanistic theories suggest that we are innately motivated to strive for a positive self-concept and the realization of our personal potential.

Accepted Answer

Humanistic theories, such as Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Carl Rogers' person-centered theory, emphasize the importance of self-actualization and achieving a positive self-concept. These theories propose that humans have an innate drive to fulfill their potential and become the best version of themselves.

Question 8

Humanistic theories of motivation completely discounted the influence of environmental factors in motivation.

Accepted Answer

Humanistic theories acknowledge the importance of environmental factors in motivation, but focus more on the individual's internal beliefs, values, and self-concept. They emphasize the need for personal growth, self-actualization, and fulfillment of one's potential.

Question 9

Learning theories and principles were an important influence in the development of incentive theories of motivation.

Accepted Answer

Incentive theories of motivation were heavily influenced by learning theories and principles, specifically the concept of reinforcement. Incentive theories suggest that behavior is motivated by the desire to obtain rewards or avoid punishment. These rewards and punishments are the result of learning experiences, which can shape an individual's preferences and behaviors.

Question 10

Drive theories are the motivational forces that "pull" us to behave, and incentive theories are the motivational forces that"push"us to behave.

Accepted Answer

Drive theories suggest that internal states of tension "push" us to act to reduce tension, while incentive theories propose that external stimuli "pull" us towards certain behaviors.

Question 11

Although drive theories of motivation are of historical interest,drive theory concepts are no longer used by contemporary psychologists in explaining motivated behavior.

Accepted Answer

Drive theory concepts are still used by contemporary psychologists, though they have been expanded and integrated with other theories to explain motivated behavior.

Question 12

Arousal theory contends that the optimal level of arousal is consistent across situations and over time and does not vary from person to person in any significant way.

Accepted Answer

Arousal theory suggests that the optimal level of arousal may vary from person to person and even from situation to situation, depending on factors such as personality, past experiences, and individual preferences. Therefore, the optimal level of arousal is not consistent across all individuals and situations.

Question 13

After she had been at the party for about 15 minutes, Amara found all the noise, people, and commotion over whelming.According to arousal theory Amara will be motivated to reduce her uncomfortable level of arousal.

Accepted Answer

Arousal theory suggests that individuals are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal that is neither too high nor too low. When Amara experiences an overwhelming level of arousal, she will be motivated to reduce it by seeking a less stimulating environment or engaging in calming activities.

Question 14

Intense emotional states, such as fear or rage, are the motivating "incentive" in incentive theories of motivation.

Accepted Answer

Incentive theories of motivation focus on external stimuli or rewards that motivate behavior, not intense emotional states.

Question 15

Sensation seekers are defined as people who are drawn to danger and dangerous activities and actively seek out life-threatening situations.

Accepted Answer

Sensation seekers are individuals who seek novel and intense experiences, which may include but are not limited to dangerous activities. They are not necessarily drawn to life-threatening situations specifically.

Question 16

According to the arousal theory of motivation, introverts find the heightened arousal of novel experiences very pleasurable.

Accepted Answer

According to the arousal theory of motivation, extroverts find the heightened arousal of novel experiences very pleasurable. Introverts, on the other hand, may find such experiences overwhelming and prefer quieter, more familiar settings.

Question 17

"To get someone to come to do a great job and take pride in their work, a monetary bonus is obviously the best motivator."This statement best illustrates incentive theories of motivation.

Accepted Answer

The statement suggests that offering a monetary bonus can serve as a motivator to encourage someone to do a great job and take pride in their work, which aligns with the principles of incentive theories of motivation.

Question 18

A series of classic studies by psychologist Harry Harlow in the1950s showed the importance of arousal as a motivator. In one of those studies, monkeys kept in a boring cage "worked" forthe opportunity to watch an electric train run.

Accepted Answer

The statement accurately represents the findings of Harlow's studies on arousal as a motivator, specifically the experiment involving monkeys and an electric train.

Question 19

According to arousal theory, people are motivated to maintainan optimal level of arousal that is neither too high nor too low.

Accepted Answer

According to arousal theory, a person's optimal level of arousal can vary depending on the situation, but in general, people tend to seek out and maintain an optimal level of arousal that is neither too high nor too low.

Question 20

When combined, drive and incentive theories account for abroad range of the "pushes" and "pulls"motivating many of our behaviors.

Accepted Answer

Drive theory explains behaviors motivated by physiological needs, while incentive theory explains behaviors motivated by external rewards or consequences. Together, they can account for a wide range of motivations behind our actions.

Quiz 8: Motivation and Emotion