Question 1

A mental representation of objects or events that are not physically present is called a mental image.

Accepted Answer

This is the definition of a mental image.

Question 2

Scientific research on mental images suggests that we manipulate mental images in much the same way as we manipulate the actual objects that the images represent.

Accepted Answer

Numerous studies have shown that mental images are subject to similar perceptual and cognitive processes as their corresponding real-world objects. For example, when mentally rotating an object, the same brain regions are activated as when physically rotating the object. Additionally, visual illusions can affect both real and imagined objects in similar ways.

Question 3

Thinking involves manipulating mental representations of information in order to draw inferences and conclusions.

Accepted Answer

Thinking does indeed involve manipulating mental representations of information in order to draw inferences and conclusions. This process involves cognitive processes such as perception, memory, attention, and reasoning.

Question 4

Trial and error is a problem-solving strategy that involves attempting different solutions and eliminating those that do not work.

Accepted Answer

Trial and error involves trying different solutions and ruling out those that are ineffective, which is an example of problem-solving through experimentation.

Question 5

Forming a mental image of a face or place involves activity inthe same brain areas that are activated when people actually perceive a face or a place.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Research has shown that when people form mental images of faces or places, the same brain areas are activated as when they actually perceive these things in the environment.

Question 6

Kosslyn and his colleagues (1978) found that the amount of time it took subjects to scan a mental image of a map of afictitious island was not affected by the distances on the island that they had to scan.

Accepted Answer

Kosslyn and his colleagues (1978) found that the amount of time it took subjects to scan a mental image of a map of a fictitious island was affected by the distances on the island that they had to scan.

Question 7

One way to creatively generate new ideas is to consider a problem from different angles or from a variety of perspectives, a technique that is called:

Accepted Answer

Divergent thinking involves exploring multiple possible solutions or perspectives on a problem, which can lead to creative ideation. The other choices are not specific techniques for generating new ideas, but rather general concepts in cognitive psychology.

Question 8

Concepts provide a kind of mental shorthand, economizing the cognitive effort required for thinking and communication.

Accepted Answer

Concepts are mental representations that allow us to categorize and understand the world around us in an efficient way, reducing the amount of mental effort needed for thinking and communication.

Question 9

The first step in effective problem solving is to consider all possible solutions for a problem.

Accepted Answer

The first step in effective problem solving is actually to clearly define the problem or issue at hand. Only then can potential solutions be generated and evaluated.

Question 10

A problem-solving strategy that involves following a specificrule, procedure, or method, that inevitably produces the correct solution is referred to as a heuristic.

Accepted Answer

A heuristic is actually a problem-solving strategy that utilizes a practical approach to find a solution, which may not always be guaranteed to be correct, but is often good enough.

Question 11

Forming a mental image of a face or a place activates a brain area called the fusiform facial area (FFA), whereas actually perceiving a face or a place activates a brain area called the parahippocampal place area (PPA).

Accepted Answer

The fusiform face area (FFA) is involved in face perception, while the parahippocampal place area (PPA) is involved in place perception. Both areas can be activated during both mental imagery and actual perception of faces and places, respectively.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about creativity is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that everyone has the capacity to be creative to some degree, and it is not limited to a small percentage of people.

Question 13

Exemplars are stored memories of examples of a particular concept.

Accepted Answer

Exemplars are indeed stored memories of examples of a particular concept. They are used in cognitive psychology to describe the mental representation of a concept formed by individual experiences and memories. In contrast, prototype theory posits that concepts are formed by averaging or combining features of various examples.

Question 14

One way to determine whether an object is an instance of a natural concept is to compare it to a prototype of that naturalconcept.

Accepted Answer

Comparing an object to a prototype is one way to determine whether it is an instance of a natural concept. This is because prototypes are typical examples or representations of a category or concept, and objects that share similar characteristics with the prototype are more likely to be considered part of that category or concept.

Question 15

Unlike formal concepts, natural concepts tend to have "fuzzy boundaries."

Accepted Answer

Natural concepts are formed based on personal experiences and tend to have blurred or undefined boundaries as they can have different meanings for different people.

Question 16

The more closely an item matches our prototype of a natural concept, the more quickly we can classify it as an example of that concept.

Accepted Answer

This is because our prototype is the idealized or typical representation of a concept that we hold in our mind. When an item closely matches this prototype, our brain can easily recognize it as an example of that concept.

Question 17

A formal concept is a mental category that is formed as a result of everyday experience.

Accepted Answer

A formal concept is a mental category that is defined by a specific set of rules or features, not formed through everyday experience.

Question 18

Breaking a problem into subgoals and working backward from the goal are both useful heuristics that can help people solve complex problems.

Accepted Answer

Breaking a problem into subgoals allows for a step-by-step approach and working backward from the goal helps to identify the necessary steps to achieve the end result. These are both effective problem-solving techniques.

Question 19

An algorithm is a method that always produces the correct solution when it is followed step-by-step.

Accepted Answer

An algorithm is a finite set of well-defined instructions that can be used to solve a problem. If the algorithm is followed correctly, it will always produce the correct solution.

Question 20

Cognition refers to the mental activities involved in acquiring,retaining, and using knowledge.

Accepted Answer

Cognition refers to various mental activities such as perception, thinking, problem-solving, and decision making involved in acquiring, retaining, and using knowledge. Therefore, the statement is true.

Quiz 7: Thinking Language,and Intelegance