Question 1

In the United States, low-income children are offered a free preschool education through:

Accepted Answer

Low-income children in the United States are offered a free preschool education through Head Start. Head Start was created in 1965 as part of the War on Poverty and provides comprehensive early childhood development services to children and families living in poverty. It aims to promote school readiness by enhancing the social and cognitive development of children through education, health, nutrition, and parent involvement services.

Question 2

A study of 5-year-old children in Milwaukee showed that those who attended a Montessori preschool were more advanced in _____ skills than those who did not attend.

Accepted Answer

The article states that the children who attended Montessori preschool were "more advanced in math, particularly problem-solving and number sense."

Question 3

Child-centered programs are often influenced by the theories of ______ and ______.

Accepted Answer

Child-centered programs prioritize the child's own interests and ideas, and are influenced by the theories of cognitive development by Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky, who emphasized the importance of children's active exploration and discovery of their world. While Skinner's behaviorism theory and Freud's psychoanalytic theory have also influenced the field of child development, they do not align as closely with the concept of child-centered learning.

Question 4

The development of the body and brain during early childhood is affected only by biologically-driven forces.

Accepted Answer

The development of the body and brain during early childhood is affected not only by biologically-driven forces, but also by experiences, interactions with caregivers, and environmental factors. Research has shown that early experiences can have a significant impact on brain development and can shape cognitive, social, and emotional outcomes in later life.

Question 5

Learning Circle Preschool emphasizes individual pride and achievement while focusing on teaching young children literacy-related tasks. Learning Circle's approach seems to most closely resemble a(n) _____ program.

Accepted Answer

Learning Circle Preschool's approach of emphasizing individual pride and achievement while teaching literacy-related tasks aligns with the Montessori program, which also emphasizes individualized education and self-directed learning. The other options (intervention, Reggio Emilia, and bilingual) do not specifically focus on literacy-related tasks and/or individual pride and achievement.

Question 6

What was Maria Montessori's objective when she created her preschool?

Accepted Answer

Maria Montessori's objective when she created her preschool was to focus on individual achievement, allowing each child to develop at their own pace and in their own way. She believed in fostering independence and self-motivation in children, rather than obedience to a teacher. While creative expression and the development of math skills were important aspects of her approach, they were not the primary objective.

Question 7

The goal of most teacher-directed preschools is:

Accepted Answer

The goal of teacher-directed preschools is to shape student behavior, as the teacher is in charge of directing the activities and interactions in the classroom. While promoting individual achievement may be a secondary goal, it is not the primary focus. Encouraging informal social interaction is more of a goal for play-based or child-led preschools, and teaching children to read by the end of the year may be a goal for academic or high-pressure preschools, but it is not a goal for most teacher-directed preschools.

Question 8

Salim is in a teacher-directed preschool. Which activity would his parents NOT expect him to be doing?

Accepted Answer

A teacher-directed preschool focuses on group activities and structured learning experiences. Long-term individual projects are more commonly found in child-directed or play-based preschools.

Question 9

Joachim lives in the United States. His mother speaks to him in Spanish. His father speaks to him in German. His parents hope that Joachim will:

Accepted Answer

With exposure to Spanish from the mother and German from the father, Joachim has the potential to become a balanced trilingual, proficient in all three languages.

Question 10

The body of a 6-year-old child more closely resembles an adult's body than a toddler's body because the child's center of gravity has dropped from the breast to the belly.

Accepted Answer

As a child grows, their body proportions change and their center of gravity shifts down towards their belly. This is why a 6-year-old's body more closely resembles an adult's body than a toddler's body.

Question 11

Most teacher-directed preschool programs stress:

Accepted Answer

Most teacher-directed preschool programs emphasize academics, focusing on skills and knowledge that prepare children for formal schooling.

Question 12

An evaluation of Head Start found that benefits were MOST apparent for children:

Accepted Answer

The evaluation found that Head Start benefits were most apparent for children with the lowest family income.

Question 13

Compared to children who did not attend an intensive early intervention program, longitudinal studies showed that the children who did participate:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compared to children who did not attend...

Question 14

Low-income males in Chicago who attended the High/Scope preschool had such long-lasting benefits from the program that for every $1 spent on the program, society saved _____ because as adults, the men avoided incarceration and paid income taxes.

Accepted Answer

According to the text, "for every $1 spent on the program, society saved $12 because as adults, the men avoided incarceration and paid income taxes." Therefore, the correct answer is D.

Question 15

Micah attends a preschool where there is a high teacher/child ratio and ample opportunity for creative expression. He is engaged in a long-term art project that he chose where he is making dinosaurs out of clay. Which child-centered approach does Micah's preschool most closely resemble?

Accepted Answer

Micah's preschool aligns with the Reggio Emilia approach because there is a high teacher/child ratio and emphasis on creative expression through long-term projects chosen by the child. The Reggio Emilia approach also emphasizes the importance of art in a child's learning and development, which is evident in Micah's dinosaur clay project.

Question 16

The Reggio Emilia early-childhood program focuses on:

Accepted Answer

The Reggio Emilia program is known for emphasizing creativity and artistic expression in young children. It values the child's own interests and ideas, and places a strong emphasis on the importance of the arts in early childhood education.

Question 17

Sunnymont Preschool has plenty of opportunities for the children to play dress-up, dance, build with blocks, finger-paint, and be creative. Sunnymont is most likely a _____ program.

Accepted Answer

Sunnymont Preschool's focus on allowing children to engage in activities that promote creativity and imagination suggests that it is a child-centered program, where children are encouraged to take the lead in their learning experiences.

Question 18

Preschool programs are called "child-centered" when they stress children's:

Accepted Answer

Child-centered preschool programs prioritize children's overall development and growth, focusing on a holistic approach rather than specific skills such as gross or fine motor or language development.

Question 19

What has research found to be the most effective way to teach English to children of Hispanic heritage while simultaneously improving their Spanish?

Accepted Answer

Research has found that combining English and Spanish instruction is the most effective way to teach English to children of Hispanic heritage while simultaneously improving their Spanish. This approach allows for the development of both languages while also recognizing the value of maintaining their native language and cultural identity.

Question 20

In terms of early childhood learning, research has found that if the home educational quality is poor, then:

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that if the quality of educational experiences in the home is poor, high-quality preschool education can be especially beneficial in promoting cognitive and social development. Therefore, option A is the best choice. Option B is not correct because research has not supported that attendance at preschool is detrimental if the home educational quality is poor. Option C is also not correct because day care is not necessarily more beneficial than preschool in terms of early childhood learning. Option D might be beneficial, but it is not necessarily the best choice as it depends on the specific child and their needs.

Quiz 5: Early Childhood: Body and Mind