Question 1

Discuss the role that self-awareness has in the development of pride and shame.

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Question 2

Examine the social bonds between infants whose mothers work outside the home and infants whose mothers stay at home. What does the research indicate in comparing attachment, amount of time spent interacting, and the quality of the respective home environments?

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Question 3

How do smiles, tears, anger, and fear change from birth to age 2?

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Question 4

You are in your living room with your one-year-old daughter. Suddenly, music starts playing next door. How would you expect your daughter to respond?

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Question 5

Describe how evolutionary theory explains the importance of early emotions for survival.

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Question 6

Diana is meeting her friend's one-year-old daughter for the first time. How should she approach the child? What factors will determine the child's response?

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Question 7

What is a working model and how would a 1-year-old child would develop one? Give an example of how a working model could go from being negative to positive over the course of childhood.

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Question 8

Your best friend is considering enrolling his son in day care. What advice would you offer him? What kinds of things should he look for in a high-quality day care?

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Question 9

Does a baby's temperament predict lifelong personality?

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Question 10

Discuss conditions that may lead to insecure attachment between infants and caregivers. What might be done to change the level of attachment?

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Question 11

According to cognitive theory, the set of assumptions that an individual uses to organize perceptions and experiences is called a _____ model.

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Question 12

Outline and briefly discuss three conditions that predict secure attachment in infants.

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Question 13

In a cross-cultural study examining child-rearing practices, it was demonstrated that toddlers with _____ mothers were more obedient but less self-aware than toddlers with distal mothers.

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Question 14

Examine the role of synchrony in infant development. Begin by describing what synchrony is and how it is developed. Then discuss the developmental outcomes if little or no synchrony is apparent in an infant's life.

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Question 15

Compare proximal and distal parenting practices. What are the outcomes of each type? What might motivate parents to engage in one type over the other?

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Question 16

Holly wants her daughter to grow up to be self-reliant and independent. She uses ______ parenting practices to accomplish this goal.

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Question 17

One element of day care that researchers agree is extremely important is the _____ of the day care setting.

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Question 18

Compare and contrast the behaviorist and psychoanalytic perspectives on early childhood personality development.

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Question 19

Develop a timeline for achieving the following psychosocial developmental milestones. At approximately what age do infants typically: (1) recognize familiar people? (2) babble and respond to others with facial expressions? (3) exhibit strong attachment to caregivers? (4) recognize themselves in a mirror? (5) exhibit strong interest in new experiences and new children?

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Question 20

The two choices of infant day care described in the text are center day care and ______ day care.

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Quiz 4: The First Two Years: Psychosocial Development