Question 1

The crucial stratification variable in the well being of the elderly is _____, which causes a lifetime of stresses including less education, less health care, and accumulating disadvantages of many kinds.

Accepted Answer

Low income is the crucial stratification variable in the well-being of the elderly according to the sentence. This is because it leads to lifelong stresses including less education, less health care, and accumulating disadvantages of many kinds. The other options presented, age of retirement, age, and family size, do not match the description provided in the sentence.

Question 2

After mandatory retirement was outlawed on a federal level in the 1980s, the average retirement age:

Accepted Answer

The answer of After mandatory retirement was outlawed on a...

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a possible reason that elders don't volunteer in higher numbers?

Accepted Answer

Option D is not a possible reason why elders don't volunteer in higher numbers as it contradicts the general impression that elderly people are more willing to help others and give back to society. Options A, B, and C are all valid reasons why elders may not volunteer, such as the structured volunteer activities being inflexible or not accommodating for the elderly, concerns about leaving familiar environments, and the lack of targeted recruitment and training efforts.

Question 4

Older immigrants tend to be:

Accepted Answer

Older immigrants often struggle with loneliness and financial instability due to a lack of U.S. work history and limited support networks. While some may receive social welfare programs, they may still experience isolation and difficulty adjusting to life in a new country. Extended family life may not always be available, especially if they are the only members of their family in the United States.

Question 5

When older Americans move, they are most likely to move:

Accepted Answer

When older Americans move, they are most likely to choose a location that is not far from their old residence. This may be due to proximity to family, friends, and healthcare providers, as well as familiarity with the area. Moving to a warm climate, to the town where they were born, or to the countryside may also be factors for some individuals, but statistically, moving nearby is the most common choice.

Question 6

Xavier had strong social connections and community ties throughout his adult life, and mentored many individuals while in his career as a business manager. He was also an active volunteer in his community. Now that he is retired, Xavier will most likely:

Accepted Answer

Xavier's strong social connections and community ties suggest that he values social engagement and connection, so it is unlikely that he will become socially isolated. Additionally, his history of mentoring and volunteering implies that he finds fulfillment and purpose in helping others. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that he will continue to seek out opportunities to contribute to his community and remain socially engaged in retirement.

Question 7

Which of the following occupations still has a legal mandatory retirement age?

Accepted Answer

Jet pilots have a mandatory retirement age, typically set by aviation authorities for safety reasons.

Question 8

Marietta babysits two days a week for her school-age grandchildren, and regularly gives her neighbor, who can no longer drive, a ride to the grocery store and doctor appointments. She also frequently sends small amounts of money to her daughter, who has just returned to college. Which of the following statements about Marietta's activities is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

The statement that Marietta would be better off volunteering with an organization implies that informal volunteering is not effective, which is not necessarily true. Informal volunteering, like Marietta's activities, can be just as beneficial and meaningful as structured volunteering.

Question 9

Typically, who does more housework after retirement than before?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Typically, who does more housework after retirement...

Question 10

Claire and Dennis have lived in the same house for over 40 years. They reared their children there and were actively involved in the neighborhood. As they age, their children want them to move to a nearby small apartment. Like many other older adults, Claire and Dennis:

Accepted Answer

The scenario describes Claire and Dennis as having lived in the same house for over 40 years and being actively involved in their neighborhood. This suggests that they prefer to age in place and maintain their current social connections. Additionally, the scenario does not provide any evidence to suggest that they look forward to moving, are divided on the decision with gender as a factor, or would prefer to move to a warmer climate.

Question 11

Denmark, which has the highest proportion of happy seniors, mitigates stratification by income by:

Accepted Answer

Denmark mitigates stratification by income by providing free health care and subsidized senior housing, which ensures that seniors have access to basic necessities regardless of their income. This allows them to live comfortably and happily in their later years, leading to a higher proportion of happy seniors. The other options listed (requiring financial support from younger family members, limiting family size, and disallowing retirement) do not directly address income stratification, and may have negative consequences for individuals and families.

Question 12

In the U.S., elderly Hispanics seem to have a _____ advantage over elderly non-Hispanics.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that elderly Hispanics in the U.S. have a longevity advantage over elderly non-Hispanics, meaning they tend to live longer on average. This may be due in part to cultural factors such as strong family and community ties, as well as dietary habits and a lower incidence of smoking and alcohol consumption. However, elderly Hispanics still face disparities in other areas such as income, education, and access to healthcare.

Question 13

_____ provides social status, financial security, and independence for older adults.

Accepted Answer

Paid employment provides older adults with financial security and independence, as well as potentially higher social status. While volunteer opportunities can also provide social benefits, they do not typically offer financial compensation. Retirement and Medicare are important resources for older adults, but do not provide the same level of social and financial benefits as paid employment.

Question 14

What proportion of adults over the age of 65 volunteer in formal settings?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What proportion of adults over the age...

Question 15

All of the following workers are quite likely to remain in the paid labor force after age 60 EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following workers are quite...

Question 16

The increased allostatic load that African Americans experience as a result of years of stress related to discrimination is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

The term "weathering" refers to the increased allostatic load experienced by African Americans as a result of years of stress related to discrimination. This chronic stress can have negative effects on physical and mental health. Choices A, C, and D are not related to this concept.

Question 17

Which theory focuses on the gender divisions promoted by society?

Accepted Answer

The feminist theory focuses on the gender divisions promoted by society and seeks to understand and advocate for gender equality.

Question 18

When many adults who moved into a neighborhood decades earlier never leave the area, the result is:

Accepted Answer

When many adults who moved into a neighborhood decades earlier never leave the area, it creates a naturally occurring retirement community (NORC). NORCs are established neighborhoods where residents have aged in place and chosen to remain in their homes as they grow older. These communities tend to have a higher concentration of older adults who have developed social connections and support systems within the community.

Question 19

Gender-stratification theory recognizes that men and women are pushed into certain roles because of their sex, roles that may ultimately:

Accepted Answer

Gender-stratification theory recognizes that gender roles are pushed onto men and women which can ultimately harm them in later life. This theory suggests that patriarchal societies, where men are considered dominant, lead to the oppression of women, leading to discrimination in the workplace, unequal pay, and a lack of representation in government. The stress caused by these factors can result in negative health outcomes and a lack of opportunities for women. Therefore, the theory argues that gender roles can ultimately harm both men and women, but especially women.

Question 20

Generally, where do the elderly prefer to live?

Accepted Answer

Studies show that the majority of elderly people prefer to age in place and remain in their own homes for as long as possible, as it provides them with a sense of independence and familiarity. However, some may choose to live in a planned retirement community if they desire a supportive and active community, while others may prefer to live with their adult children or other relatives. Nursing homes are often viewed as a last resort option for those who require specialized medical care and assistance with daily living activities.

Quiz 15: Late Adulthood: Psychosocial Development