Question 1

Globally, delinquent subcultures reflect the attempts of youth to resolve challenges presented by society.

Accepted Answer

Delinquent subcultures often arise as a response to structural inequalities and social challenges faced by young people in their communities. These subcultures can offer a sense of belonging, identity, and protection, as well as alternative modes of expression and rebellion against mainstream values and norms. While delinquent behaviors are generally not condoned or justified, it is important to understand the underlying social and cultural factors that shape them in order to address the root causes of youth crime and deviance.

Question 2

Juvenile delinquency is a worldwide problem that has ebbed and flowed in focus and attention just as it has in the United States.

Accepted Answer

Juvenile delinquency is a problem that is present globally and has received varying degrees of attention worldwide, much like it has in the United States.

Question 3

The level of juvenile gang violence in Europe was found to be more serious than the level of juvenile gang violence in the United States.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. The level of juvenile gang violence in the United States is generally considered to be more serious than in Europe.

Question 4

As with the United States, it is clear that delinquency and crime are not correlated with gender.

Accepted Answer

Studies and statistics consistently show that delinquency and crime rates are significantly higher among males than females in the United States and in many other countries, indicating a clear correlation between gender and crime rates.

Question 5

Africa, in general, is characterized by a great deal of political instability and corruption, this is particularly true in nations such as Nigeria, Dakar, and Senegal.

Accepted Answer

Africa is known for its political instability and corruption, and these issues are especially prevalent in countries like Nigeria, Dakar, and Senegal.

Question 6

The MS-13 gang membership has increased due to increased membership of U.S. citizens, usually of Mexican or Central American origin.

Accepted Answer

According to the United States Department of Justice, while the MS-13 gang originated in El Salvador, their membership in the U.S. has grown due to increased recruitment of U.S. citizens, particularly those of Mexican or Central American descent.

Question 7

The standards and guidelines for addressing juvenile offending have been set by the United Nations through three key documents: the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (the Beijing Rules), the United Nations CRC (1989), and the United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (the Riyadh Guidelines).

Accepted Answer

The statement is true.

Question 8

Restorative justice processes in the United States were largely borrowed from other countries-particularly ______ countries.

Accepted Answer

Restorative justice processes originated in indigenous communities in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. However, in the United States, restorative justice processes were largely borrowed from European countries such as Norway and England.

Question 9

While delinquency may be a typical characteristic at one time or another among youth, it does not tend to be a solitary activity.

Accepted Answer

Delinquency often involves peer groups and social networks, and is rarely an individual behavior.

Question 10

It is likely that delinquency will only be reduced if developing countries become more ______ and less ______.

Accepted Answer

Delinquency is likely to decrease if developing countries become more stable, as stability often leads to better governance and economic conditions, and less corrupt, since corruption can undermine the rule of law and contribute to delinquency.

Question 11

Youth from modernized regions where family instability has emerged are not particularly vulnerable to becoming delinquent.

Accepted Answer

Youth from modernized regions where family instability has emerged are actually more vulnerable to becoming delinquent. Studies have found that family instability, including divorce or separation, can increase the risk of delinquent behavior in youth. However, this risk may vary depending on other factors such as parental monitoring, school performance, and peer relationships.

Question 12

Juvenile delinquency is particularly acute and is often associated with the problem of homelessness among children and adolescents in the Middle East.

Accepted Answer

Juvenile delinquency and homelessness among children and adolescents are global issues that affect many regions, including the Middle East. However, stating that it is particularly acute in the Middle East without specifying compared to what or providing context can be misleading. These problems vary widely within the region and are also significant in other parts of the world.

Question 13

Regardless of the limitations in data collection and measurement and regardless of whether we can adequately compare juvenile systems around the world, one thing is clear-delinquency is a growing problem around the world.

Accepted Answer

The statement clearly states that delinquency is a growing problem around the world, and this assertion is not dependent on the limitations in data collection and measurement or whether we can compare juvenile systems.

Question 14

Nations such as Germany, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan have long histories of integrating restorative justice techniques into their official response to problems with delinquency.

Accepted Answer

These nations have indeed incorporated restorative justice practices into their juvenile justice systems.

Question 15

Juvenile gangs are widespread throughout Asia.

Accepted Answer

While juvenile gangs exist in some parts of Asia, they are not widespread throughout the entire continent. The prevalence and nature of juvenile gangs can vary significantly between different countries and regions within Asia.

Question 16

One of the most important reasons that the United States has not ratified this CRC treaty is because, during the time of its creation, the United States allowed the ______ for juveniles whose crime was committed prior to their 18th birthday.

Accepted Answer

The United States has not ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) partly because, at the time of its creation, the U.S. allowed the death penalty for juveniles who committed crimes before turning 18, which is in conflict with the CRC's provisions.

Question 17

Despite commonalities throughout the world, there is not much variability in the way in which delinquency is measured from country to country around the world, and this makes it easy to determine the exact extent of delinquency and its impact on the global community.

Accepted Answer

While there are standardized measures of delinquency used in research, there is still variability in how delinquency is defined and measured across different countries and cultures. This can make it difficult to compare rates of delinquency and understand its impact globally.

Question 18

From 1990 to 2005, it was the ______ that committed the majority of juvenile executions.

Accepted Answer

According to the Amnesty International's report, from 1990 to 2005, the United States committed the majority of juvenile executions.

Question 19

The CRC was different from the Beijing Rules because it was ______ upon member nations who signed this document.

Accepted Answer

The CRC (Convention on the Rights of the Child) was legally binding upon member nations who signed this document, which means that they were obligated to adhere to the principles and standards outlined in it. This distinguishes it from the Beijing Rules, which were not legally binding and therefore did not carry the same level of enforceability.

Question 20

With the exception of Germany, juvenile gangs exist in Europe but are not the focus of as much media attention.

Accepted Answer

While juvenile gangs do exist in Europe, they tend to receive less media attention than in other regions such as the United States. Germany is often cited as an exception due to the prevalence and notoriety of its youth gangs.

Quiz 13: Global Issues in Juvenile Justice