Question 1

Cannon and Bard disagreed with the James-Lange theory of emotion on the basis that
A) internal changes occur more quickly than the theory claimed.
B) there were fewer emotions that people can experience.
C) physical responses occur before feelings.
D) physical responses are difficult to measure.
E) emotions and internal responses occur at the same time.

Accepted Answer

Cannon and Bard proposed the theory that emotions arise simultaneously with their associated physiological responses, contrary to the James-Lange theory which posited that physical changes precede emotional experiences. Therefore, the best answer is E - emotions and internal responses occur at the same time.

Question 2

Indiana Jones goes off to foreign lands in search of artifacts hidden in dangerous places and guarded by fierce protectors. Dr. Jones would be described as ________ in arousal theory.
A) foolhardy
B) a person high in need for power
C) a sensation seeke.
D) a person high in need for affiliatio.
E) a person high in n Ach

Accepted Answer

A sensation seeker is someone who is motivated to seek out new and exciting experiences, even if they are potentially dangerous or risky. Indiana Jones fits this description well as he consistently seeks out dangerous situations in search of rare artifacts.

Question 3

Which statement best reflects the James-Lange theory of emotion?
A) Our hearts race, we see a monster, we feel fear.
B) We see a monster, we feel fear, our hearts race.
C) We see a monster, our hearts race, we feel fear.
D) We feel fear, our hearts race, we see the monster.
E) We walk into a dark room, hear people scream, label the stimulus as friends giving us a surprise party, and then feel happy.

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory of emotion proposes that emotions are the result of physiological responses to stimuli, meaning that our bodily responses (such as heart racing or sweating) come before our experience of emotion. Choice C best reflects this theory because it suggests that we first see a monster (the stimulus), which then triggers our bodily response of heart racing, which ultimately leads to our experience of fear.

Question 4

What is the correct sequence of events in emotional response according to the Cannon-Bard theory?
A) stimulus à emotion à physiological changes
B) stimulus à physiological changes à emotio.
C) physiological changes à stimulus à emotion
D) stimulus à emotion AND physiological changes (simultaneous.
E) emotion à stimulus à physiological changes

Accepted Answer

According to the Cannon-Bard theory, emotional response occurs simultaneously with both the experience of emotion and the physiological changes that accompany it, rather than one causing the other sequentially. Therefore, the correct sequence of events is stimulus triggering both emotion and physiological changes at the same time. Option D is the only choice that reflects this understanding.

Question 5

In arousal theory, people are said to have a(n) ________ level of tension.
A) ultimate
B) lower
C) optima.
D) hig.
E) balanced

Accepted Answer

In arousal theory, it is proposed that people have an optimal level of tension that they seek to maintain by increasing or decreasing stimulation. This optimal level is not too high or too low but is considered just right for the individual.

Question 6

Which of the following factors is most likely to have an effect on predictions made by the inverted U function?
A) task instruction.
B) gender of the person doing the task
C) age of the person doing the task
D) difficulty of the tas.
E) number of people present when the task is performed

Accepted Answer

The inverted U function predicts that performance on a task will increase with moderate levels of arousal, but too little or too much arousal will result in decreased performance. The difficulty level of the task is most likely to influence the optimal level of arousal for achieving peak performance. A task that is too easy may not require enough arousal to reach peak performance, whereas a task that is too difficult may require too much arousal to achieve peak performance. Task instruction, gender, age, and number of people present may influence certain aspects of performance, but they are not as closely tied to the inverted U function as task difficulty.

Question 7

Lester has high test anxiety, which tends to affect his test performance even though he studies a lot. According to the inverted U function, which of the following activities will help Lester improve his performance?
A) Study harder.
B) Use relaxation exercises before each test.
C) Study less because his performance won't be that good anyway.
D) Get a tutor.
E) Review his notes every third day, so that he doesn't get "repetition overload."

Accepted Answer

Using relaxation exercises before each test can help alleviate test anxiety and improve performance according to the inverted U function. Studying harder or less, getting a tutor, or changing study habits are not necessarily effective solutions for test anxiety.

Question 8

Which statement is most consistent with the James-Lange theory of emotion?
A) "I run because I'm afraid."
B) "I'm happy because I laugh..
C) "I'm crying because I'm sad..
D) "I'm anxious because I perspire."
E) "I'm hitting because I'm angry."

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events. In this context, the statement "I'm happy because I laugh" aligns with the theory, as it implies that the act of laughing (a physiological response) leads to the feeling of happiness (an emotion).

Question 9

Seeing a snake, running away from it, and then becoming frightened is the sequence of events postulated by the ________ theory.
A) Plutchik
B) Cannon-Bar.
C) James-Lange
D) Yerkes-Dodson
E) Lazarus

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory, which proposes that emotions are the result of physiological arousal, suggests that the experience of fear occurs after the bodily response of "running away" from the snake.

Question 10

Seeing a snake and then simultaneously running away from it and becoming frightened, is the sequence of events postulated by ________ theory.
A) Plutchik's
B) the James-Lang.
C) the Cannon-Bar.
D) Schachter and Singer's
E) Ekman's

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory suggests that emotions and physiological responses occur simultaneously, not sequentially.

Question 11

According to the James-Lange theory of emotion, anger
A) causes people to hit someone.
B) occurs at the same time a person hits someone.
C) does not truly exist.
D) might occur after we feel aroused because we hit someone.
E) and happiness always occur simultaneously.

Accepted Answer

According to the James-Lange theory of emotion, physiological arousal precedes the experience of emotion. In the case of anger, it suggests that we might first become aroused (perhaps by hitting someone) and then experience anger as a result of that arousal.

Question 12

Stanley Schachter's theory of emotion proposes that emotion results when
A) you cognitively label the arousal and give it emotional meaning.
B) you simultaneously experience arousal and an emotional experience.
C) you look back over your experiences to try to identify the arousal you just experienced.
D) your sensory experiences fail to have any personal significance.
E) you are unable to control any of your personal circumstances.

Accepted Answer

Stanley Schachter's theory of emotion, also known as the Two-Factor Theory, proposes that emotion results from the interaction between physiological arousal and cognitive labeling of the arousal. According to the theory, we experience undifferentiated arousal first, and then we search for contextual clues to label the arousal, giving it emotional meaning. Thus, option A is the correct choice, as it correctly describes the cognitive labeling process proposed by Schachter's theory.

Question 13

Which is the best explanation of the Cannon-Bard theory?
A) Bodily arousal occurs before emotional response.
B) Emotions arise from learned triggers.
C) Emotion is nothing but a reflexive response based on instincts.
D) Bodily arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously.
E) Bodily arousal leads to a cognitive labeling of environmental stimuli.

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory proposes that both bodily arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously, rather than one causing the other.

Question 14

Which sequence of events in emotional responses is characteristic of the James-Lange theory of emotion?
A) stimulus à emotion à physiological change.
B) stimulus à physiological changes à emotion
C) physiological changes à stimulus à emotion
D) stimulus à emotion AND physiological changes (simultaneous)
E) emotion à stimulus à physiological changes

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory of emotion proposes that physiological changes precede emotional experiences. Therefore, according to this theory, a stimulus first triggers physiological changes, such as increased heart rate or sweating, and then the individual experiences an emotion in response to those changes. Option B represents this sequence of events, where the stimulus results in physiological changes, followed by the experience of an emotion.

Question 15

Compared to most other people, Jack appears to need a high level of arousal. He enjoys doing potentially life-threatening hobbies such as sky diving, swimming with sharks, and bungee jumping from bridges. Jack is likely to be
A) a show-off.
B) mentally unstable.
C) a sensation seeker.
D) unhealthy.
E) an adrenaline junkie.

Accepted Answer

Jack's behavior is consistent with being a sensation seeker, someone who seeks out thrilling experiences and sensations. This does not necessarily mean he is a show-off, mentally unstable, unhealthy, or an adrenaline junkie. It simply indicates that he derives pleasure from high levels of arousal.

Question 16

You are walking in the forest and see a bear. According to the Cannon-Bard theory, what happens next?
A) You experience physiological changes followed by fear.
B) You feel fear followed by physiological changes.
C) You experience physiological changes and a feeling of fear simultaneously.
D) You experience physiological changes and context appraisal followed by fear.
E) You experience fear only after your parasympathetic nervous system is activated by your hippocampus.

Accepted Answer

According to the Cannon-Bard theory, emotional experience and physiological reactions occur simultaneously, not in a sequential order. This means that upon seeing a bear, you would experience physiological changes (such as increased heart rate) and the emotion of fear at the same time.

Question 17

Which of the following examples best represents the inverted U function?
A) Bill has a bad test score because he did not study.
B) Dan plays his best games when they mean the most to the team and his arousal is moderately high.
C) Mary buys a new car.
D) Toni watches TV all night.
E) Jonah plays with his friends on his swing set.

Accepted Answer

The inverted-U function suggests that an optimal level of arousal exists for peak performance, and too little or too much arousal can result in performance decrements. Option B best represents this concept by suggesting that Dan's performance is best when his arousal is moderately high, indicating that there exists an optimal level of arousal for peak performance.

Question 18

Which statement about emotions would have most likely been made by William James?
A) "When something happens, your body reacts, then you experience an emotion..
B) "If someone points a gun at you, you will experience fear, and then you will run..
C) "All emotions arise from the same set of bodily functions."
D) "It is only after you experience joy that your heart will begin to race."
E) "Emotions depends on that cognitive label we attach to an emotion-producing stimulus."

Accepted Answer

William James is known for the James-Lange theory of emotion, which posits that an event causes physiological arousal first and then we interpret this arousal. Only after our interpretation of the arousal can we experience emotion. So, the statement "When something happens, your body reacts, then you experience an emotion" aligns with his theory.

Question 19

The inverted U function says that
A) performance is affected by levels of arousal.
B) the more money you make, the better your job will be.
C) nausea from bad food causes a reluctance to eat that food again.
D) performance on tests is better in the morning.
E) we tend to be more motivated by external rewards than internal rewards.

Accepted Answer

The inverted U function states that performance is affected by levels of arousal. This means that when arousal is too low, performance can suffer, but when arousal is too high, performance can also suffer. The optimal level of arousal varies for different tasks and individuals.

Question 20

You are walking through a store when you run into a friend you have not seen in a long time and whom you miss very much. According to the James-Lange theory, what might happen?
A) You experience physiological changes followed by a feeling of happiness.
B) You feel happiness followed by physiological changes.
C) You experience physiological changes and a feeling of happiness simultaneously.
D) You experience physiological changes and context appraisal followed by a feeling of happiness.
E) You feel the emotion immediately prior to the stimulus that evokes the emotion.

Accepted Answer

According to the James-Lange theory, physiological changes occur first and then the emotion is experienced. In this scenario, seeing the friend would trigger physiological changes (such as increased heart rate and sweating) which are then interpreted by the brain as happiness or excitement in response to seeing the long-lost friend.

Quiz 9: Motivation and Emotion

Cannon and Bard disagreed with the James-Lange theory of emotion on the basis that

Indiana Jones goes off to foreign lands in search of artifacts hidden in dangerous places and guarded by fierce protectors. Dr. Jones would be described as ________ in arousal theory.

Which statement best reflects the James-Lange theory of emotion?

What is the correct sequence of events in emotional response according to the Cannon-Bard theory?

In arousal theory, people are said to have a(n) ________ level of tension.

Which of the following factors is most likely to have an effect on predictions made by the inverted U function?

Lester has high test anxiety, which tends to affect his test performance even though he studies a lot. According to the inverted U function, which of the following activities will help Lester improve his performance?

Which statement is most consistent with the James-Lange theory of emotion?

Seeing a snake, running away from it, and then becoming frightened is the sequence of events postulated by the ________ theory.

Seeing a snake and then simultaneously running away from it and becoming frightened, is the sequence of events postulated by ________ theory.

According to the James-Lange theory of emotion, anger

Stanley Schachter's theory of emotion proposes that emotion results when

Which is the best explanation of the Cannon-Bard theory?

Which sequence of events in emotional responses is characteristic of the James-Lange theory of emotion?

Compared to most other people, Jack appears to need a high level of arousal. He enjoys doing potentially life-threatening hobbies such as sky diving, swimming with sharks, and bungee jumping from bridges. Jack is likely to be

You are walking in the forest and see a bear. According to the Cannon-Bard theory, what happens next?

Which of the following examples best represents the inverted U function?

Which statement about emotions would have most likely been made by William James?

The inverted U function says that

You are walking through a store when you run into a friend you have not seen in a long time and whom you miss very much. According to the James-Lange theory, what might happen?