Question 1

You and your paediatrician get into an argument regarding where the infant should sleep. You strongly believe that she should sleep with you, while your paediatrician insists that it can be dangerous for her not to sleep in her own crib. What would be your argument?

Accepted Answer

There is no medical consensus that co-sleeping is inherently dangerous; it is often a cultural preference. However, safety guidelines should be followed to prevent risks like SIDS.

Question 2

When you are visiting friends who just had a newborn, you notice that the baby is lying face-down in her crib. What do you tell your friends?

Accepted Answer

According to Safe to Sleep guidelines, infants should always be placed on their backs to sleep to reduce the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). It is important to inform the parents of this recommendation to ensure the safety of their child.

Question 3

Your neighbour's infant daughter has epilepsy. They are considering surgery to help with the seizures, but they are worried that permanent brain damage will result. What should you tell them?

Accepted Answer

At a young age, the brain is still developing and has a high degree of neuroplasticity. This means that the brain is capable of rewiring itself to compensate for any damage that may occur during surgery. Additionally, studies have shown that early surgery for epilepsy can actually improve cognitive outcomes in some cases. Therefore, it is important for the family to consider all possible options and discuss the potential risks and benefits with their doctors.

Question 4

The text describes orphanages in Romania in which all of the infants had been seriously deprived. What was found regarding cognitive development for the children who were adopted when they were older than 6 months of age?

Accepted Answer

The text states that "children who were adopted after age 6 months had a rate of cognitive impairment several times higher than those adopted at a younger age."

Question 5

Neonates, on average, sleep ____ hours a day, and of that time, ____ is spent in REM.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Neonates, on average, sleep ____ hours a...

Question 6

What is a risk factor for SIDS?

Accepted Answer

Sleeping stomach-down is a risk factor for SIDS. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends placing babies on their backs to sleep to reduce the risk of SIDS.

Question 7

How do non-Western cultures view the belief that infants should sleep in a crib in a room of their own?

Accepted Answer

Non-Western cultures may view the practice of having infants sleep in a crib in a separate room as a form of neglect because they prioritize co-sleeping and physical proximity between mother and child. In many non-Western cultures, co-sleeping is seen as a way to promote attachment, soothe the child and enhance the mother's ability to respond to the child's needs. Contrarily, Western cultures prioritize independence and autonomy from an early age, hence the emphasis on separate sleeping arrangements.

Question 8

What is the leading cause of death for infants between birth and 1 year of age in developed countries?

Accepted Answer

SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) is the leading cause of death for infants between birth and 1 year of age in developed countries. It is responsible for approximately 1 in 1,000 deaths of infants in the United States.

Question 9

What is the term that describes the brain's high responsiveness to environmental circumstances?

Accepted Answer

Plasticity refers to the brain's ability to adapt and change in response to environmental circumstances, such as learning new skills or recovering from injury. It involves the formation of new neural connections and the strengthening or weakening of existing ones. Plasticity is a key feature of the brain's ability to learn and develop throughout life.

Question 10

The text describes orphanages in Romania in which all of the infants had been seriously deprived. The children were later adopted and recovered dramatically in physical development. It was found that the recovery in cognitive development ____.

Accepted Answer

The text states that the recovery in cognitive development was dependent on the age at which the children were adopted. Therefore, option B is the best choice.

Question 11

What term describes the situation in which the infant sleeps with the parents?

Accepted Answer

Co-sleeping is the term used to describe the situation in which the infant sleeps with the parents.

Question 12

At 6 months of age, Australia infants sleep about 14 hours a day, whereas infants who are of the same age in Kenya sleep about 12 hours a day, and infants in the Netherlands sleep about 16 hours a day. This variation is best described by ____.

Accepted Answer

The variation in hours of sleep at 6 months of age appears to be related to cultural practices because infants in different countries are likely to be exposed to different sleep patterns and routines. This suggests that social and environmental factors influence infant sleep hours more than innate preprogramming or biological influences.

Question 13

Which of the following are known factors related to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Soft bedding, sleeping stomach down and low birth weight are all known risk factors for SIDS. Apgar score, irritability, and family history may not necessarily be directly related to SIDS. Hard bedding and sleeping back down are not recommended for infants but are not considered specific risk factors for SIDS.

Question 14

If the infant's brain has been damaged due to injury or illness, what is likely to happen?

Accepted Answer

In cases of brain injury or illness, other parts of the brain can often compensate for the functions of the damaged area through a process called neuroplasticity. While the functions of the damaged areas may be impaired, they are not necessarily permanently lost. It is rare for the brain to grow new neurons to replace damaged ones, and the idea of damaged areas infecting other areas until brain death occurs is not supported by scientific evidence.

Question 15

What is a risk factor for SIDS?

Accepted Answer

Maternal smoking during pregnancy is a known risk factor for SIDS. Maternal diabetes, paternal asthma, and paternal chromosomal disorders have not been identified as risk factors for SIDS.

Question 16

Which of the following is a known factor that increases the probability of SIDS?

Accepted Answer

Sleeping stomach-down instead of flat on the back increases the probability of SIDS.

Question 17

While providing solace to a family who have just been told that their infant sustained brain damage in a car accident, Dr. Doofenschmirtz tells them that the good news is that the infant is young and his brain is not fully mature. As compared to an adult, the infant's brain has not been shaped or formed but is still highly responsive to the environment and the prognosis is good. Which of the following describes the topic of Dr. Doofenschmirtz's discussion?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Doofenschmirtz is discussing brain plasticity, which refers to the brain's ability to change and adapt in response to experiences and the environment. Specifically, he notes that the infant's brain is highly responsive to the environment and has the potential to form new connections and compensate for damage.

Question 18

Lipsitt (2003) extensively examined SIDS and found that infants were most vulnerable to succumb to SIDS between 2 and 4 months. Why?

Accepted Answer

Lipsitt (2003) found that this particular age range represents a transition from reflex behaviour to intentional behaviour. As a result, infants may be more vulnerable to SIDS during this time due to changes in breathing patterns and sleep-wake cycles.

Question 19

During the early 1990s, ____________ launched a major 'BACK to Sleep' campaign to inform parents and health professionals of the importance of putting infants to sleep on their backs.

Accepted Answer

The 'BACK to Sleep' campaign was launched in multiple countries, including Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States, to reduce the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) by encouraging parents to place infants on their backs to sleep.

Question 20

____ describes when an infant who does not have any apparent illness or disease simply falls asleep and never wakes up.

Accepted Answer

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is a phenomenon where an apparently healthy infant suddenly dies in their sleep without any clear cause. It is also known as crib death or cot death.

Quiz 4: Infancy

You and your paediatrician get into an argument regarding where the infant should sleep. You strongly believe that she should sleep with you, while your paediatrician insists that it can be dangerous for her not to sleep in her own crib. What would be your argument?

When you are visiting friends who just had a newborn, you notice that the baby is lying face-down in her crib. What do you tell your friends?

Your neighbour's infant daughter has epilepsy. They are considering surgery to help with the seizures, but they are worried that permanent brain damage will result. What should you tell them?

The text describes orphanages in Romania in which all of the infants had been seriously deprived. What was found regarding cognitive development for the children who were adopted when they were older than 6 months of age?

Neonates, on average, sleep hours a day, and of that time, is spent in REM.

What is a risk factor for SIDS?

How do non-Western cultures view the belief that infants should sleep in a crib in a room of their own?

What is the leading cause of death for infants between birth and 1 year of age in developed countries?

What is the term that describes the brain's high responsiveness to environmental circumstances?

The text describes orphanages in Romania in which all of the infants had been seriously deprived. The children were later adopted and recovered dramatically in physical development. It was found that the recovery in cognitive development ____.

What term describes the situation in which the infant sleeps with the parents?

At 6 months of age, Australia infants sleep about 14 hours a day, whereas infants who are of the same age in Kenya sleep about 12 hours a day, and infants in the Netherlands sleep about 16 hours a day. This variation is best described by ____.

Which of the following are known factors related to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome?

If the infant's brain has been damaged due to injury or illness, what is likely to happen?

What is a risk factor for SIDS?

Which of the following is a known factor that increases the probability of SIDS?

Lipsitt (2003) extensively examined SIDS and found that infants were most vulnerable to succumb to SIDS between 2 and 4 months. Why?

During the early 1990s, ____________ launched a major 'BACK to Sleep' campaign to inform parents and health professionals of the importance of putting infants to sleep on their backs.

____ describes when an infant who does not have any apparent illness or disease simply falls asleep and never wakes up.