Question 1

Dr. MacPherson believes that the way students organize and think about the information in their textbooks will strongly influence their ability to later remember and use what they have studied. Dr. MacPherson's ideas most directly exemplify the ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

Dr. MacPherson's focus on how students organize and think about information aligns with the cognitive perspective, which emphasizes mental processes such as perception, attention, and memory. Dr. MacPherson's focus on how students organize and think about information in order to remember and use it aligns with the cognitive perspective, which emphasizes mental processes such as thinking, memory, and problem-solving.

Question 2

Ali insists that intellectual skills are inherited; Claire argues that intelligence is developed through educational experiences. Ali and Claire have differing perspectives on intelligence that

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ali insists that intellectual skills are inherited;...

Question 3

Angie wonders whether her calm and relaxed personality style was learned or inherited. Angie's concern is most directly relevant to the issue of

Accepted Answer

Angie's concern about whether her personality style is learned or inherited relates directly to the debate of nature versus nurture. This debate concerns the extent to which individual differences in behavior, personality traits, and other characteristics are a result of innate factors (nature) versus environmental factors (nurture) such as upbringing and life experiences. By questioning whether her calm and relaxed personality style is learned or inherited, Angie is essentially questioning whether her traits are primarily a result of biology or environmental influences. Angie's concern about whether her personality style was learned or inherited relates to the debate of nature versus nurture. This debate seeks to determine the extent to which genetics and biology (nature) or environment and experience (nurture) shape an individual's traits and behaviors.

Question 4

A clinical psychologist who explains behavior in terms of unconscious drives and conflicts is employing a(n) ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

The psychodynamic perspective, developed by Sigmund Freud, emphasizes the role of unconscious processes and unresolved conflicts in shaping behavior. Psychodynamic perspective is rooted in the work of Sigmund Freud and other thinkers who emphasized the importance of unconscious processes and unresolved past conflicts in shaping an individual's behavior and personality.

Question 5

Dr. Winkle conducts basic research on the systematic changes in intelligence associated with aging. It is most likely that Dr. Winkle is a(n) ________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Winkle's research focus on changes associated with aging suggests a developmental psychology focus, as it concerns changes over the lifespan. Dr. Winkle is studying the changes in intelligence associated with aging, which suggests that he is a developmental psychologist, as this field of psychology focuses on changes that occur throughout the lifespan.

Question 6

Dr. Karima conducts basic research on the effectiveness of test-enhanced learning on a person's ability to remember information. Dr. Karima is most likely a ________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Karima's research focuses on the cognitive processes of memory and learning, making her a cognitive psychologist. Dr. Karima's research on test-enhanced learning and its impact on memory suggests a focus on cognitive psychology, which studies mental processes such as attention, memory, and problem-solving. Social psychology primarily studies how social interactions and norms impact human behavior, while personality psychology focuses on individual differences in behavior and traits. Biological psychology explores the relationship between the brain and behavior, which is not directly related to Dr. Karima's research on test-enhanced learning.

Question 7

Dr. Ochoa develops tests to accurately identify the most qualified job applicants in a large manufacturing firm. Which psychological specialty does Dr. Ochoa's work best represent?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Ochoa's work involves developing tests to identify the most qualified job applicants in a manufacturing firm, which falls under the domain of industrial-organizational psychology. Dr. Ochoa's work of developing tests to identify the most qualified job applicants in a large manufacturing firm falls under industrial-organizational psychology which focuses on optimizing human behavior in the workplace.

Question 8

Humanistic psychologists such as ________ emphasized the growth potential of healthy people.

Accepted Answer

Humanistic psychologists who emphasized the growth potential of healthy people include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow. Wundt and Titchener were structuralists, Freud and James were early pioneers of psychoanalytic and functionalist psychology, respectively, and Watson and Skinner were behaviorists. Humanistic psychologists who emphasized the growth potential of healthy people include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow. Wundt and Titchener are known for being the founders of structuralism, Freud and James are associated with psychoanalysis and functionalism respectively, and Watson and Skinner are known for their work in behaviorism.

Question 9

A concern with the reasoning processes that contribute to effective problem solving is most characteristic of the ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

The cognitive perspective focuses on the mental processes involved in problem-solving, including reasoning, perception, attention, and memory. This perspective is concerned with the ways in which individuals acquire, store, and use information to solve problems, and with the cognitive processes that contribute to effective problem solving. The other perspectives listed (behavioral, evolutionary, and social-cultural) are less directly related to the cognitive processes involved in problem-solving. The cognitive perspective focuses on mental processes such as reasoning, problem solving, and decision making. Therefore, it is the most likely perspective to be concerned with the reasoning processes involved in effective problem solving.

Question 10

Dr. Veenstra conducts basic research on the impact of racial prejudice on behavior. Dr. Veenstra is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Veenstra's research on the impact of racial prejudice on behavior suggests that she is studying social psychology, which examines how individuals interact with and influence each other. Clinical psychology deals with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders, biological psychology explores the relationship between brain function and behavior, and industrial-organizational psychology focuses on workplace behavior and organization. Dr. Veenstra's focus on the impact of racial prejudice on behavior suggests a focus on social psychology, which examines how social factors such as attitudes, stereotypes, and group dynamics influence behavior. Clinical psychology focuses on the assessment and treatment of psychological disorders, biological psychology examines the neural and physiological mechanisms underlying behavior, and industrial-organizational psychology focuses on workplace settings and behavior.

Question 11

For effective mastery of course material, the text emphasizes the value of

Accepted Answer

The text emphasizes the value of spaced practice and overlearning, which have been shown to be the most effective methods of retaining information over time. Speed reading and massed practice are not recommended as they often lead to surface-level learning and forgetting of material. Introspection and psychoanalysis may be helpful for personal reflection and growth, but they are not related to effective mastery of course material. The text emphasizes the value of spaced practice and overlearning for effective mastery of course material. The other options, such as speed reading and massed practice, or introspection and psychoanalysis, are not mentioned as effective strategies in the text.

Question 12

Behavior is to mental processes as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Behavior is to mental processes as ________...

Question 13

A theoretical perspective in psychology can be like a two-dimensional view of a three-dimensional object because each perspective is

Accepted Answer

A theoretical perspective in psychology can be like a two-dimensional view of a three-dimensional object because each perspective is limited in its scope. While it may provide valuable insight into a particular aspect of human behavior or mental processes, it may not be able to fully capture the complexity and diversity of human experience. A theoretical perspective in psychology is limited in its scope, just as a two-dimensional view of a three-dimensional object is limited in its ability to capture the full picture. While each perspective may offer important insights into human behavior, it cannot fully capture the complexity and nuances of human experience. This is why it is important to consider multiple perspectives when studying psychology.

Question 14

Do psychological differences between men and women result from biological influences or social influences? This 1.most clearly involves a debate over the issue of

Accepted Answer

The debate over psychological differences between men and women deals with whether these differences result from biological influences (nature) or social influences (nurture). This is a classic nature versus nurture debate.

Question 15

Dr. Tiao conducts basic research on the effects of head injuries on people's problem-solving and abstract-reasoning skills. Which psychological specialty does her research best represent?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Tiao's research focuses on biological factors (head injuries) and their effects on psychological processes (problem-solving and abstract-reasoning skills). This aligns with the specialty of biological psychology, which examines the relationship between the brain and behavior. Dr. Tiao's research on the effects of head injuries on cognitive functioning is best representative of biological psychology, which focuses on the physiological and genetic factors that underlie behavior and mental processes.

Question 16

A helping profession devoted to assisting people with problems often related to school, work, or marriage is known as

Accepted Answer

Counseling psychology is a field of psychology that focuses on helping individuals navigate personal and interpersonal issues, such as those related to school, work, or marriage. Counseling psychologists often work with individuals who are experiencing difficulties with mental health, such as anxiety or depression, and help them develop coping strategies and problem-solving skills. Counseling psychology is a helping profession that focuses on assisting people with various issues such as school, work, marriage, and relationships. This profession involves helping individuals improve their mental health and well-being by addressing psychological and emotional issues through various therapeutic approaches.

Question 17

Charles Darwin suggested that the evolution of living organisms is guided by

Accepted Answer

Darwin's theory of evolution is based on natural selection, which is a process by which certain traits become more or less common in a population over time depending on how well they adapt to their environment. This process is not guided by rational thought, introspection, or unconscious motives, but rather by the competition for resources and the ability to survive and reproduce. Charles Darwin proposed that the evolution of living organisms is guided by natural selection, which is the gradual process by which certain heritable traits become more or less common in a population over time. Natural selection is based on the principles of variation, heredity, and reproductive success, and it can lead to the development of adaptations that increase an organism's fitness in its environment.

Question 18

Dr. Wilcox conducts basic research on the behavioral differences between shy and outgoing people. Dr. Wilcox is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Wilcox's research on behavioral differences between shy and outgoing people falls under the realm of personality psychology, which studies individual differences in behavior, attitudes, and traits. Dr. Wilcox's research on the behavioral differences between shy and outgoing people suggests that he is studying personality psychology, which concerns the study of individual differences in behavior, thought, and emotion.

Question 19

Dr. Matias has concluded that very few people in a small African country suffer from alcohol dependence because of the strong influence of their religion. This belief best illustrates a(n) ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

The conclusion that the low prevalence of alcohol dependence in a small African country is due to the strong influence of their religion is based on social-cultural perspective. This perspective emphasizes the impact of cultural and social factors on human behavior and mental processes. The belief that religion has a strong influence on the prevalence of alcohol dependence in the small African country is a social-cultural perspective. It examines the impact of cultural and social factors on behavior and mental processes.

Question 20

A complete picture of how mental processes are influenced by both social systems and brain functions is most clearly provided by

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial approach recognizes that mental processes are influenced by biological factors (e.g. brain functions), psychological factors (e.g. cognitive processes), and social factors (e.g. cultural and societal norms). It integrates all of these factors to provide a complete picture of how mental processes are influenced. Behaviorism and introspection do not fully consider biological and social factors, while humanistic psychology does not focus enough on the biological factors. A biopsychosocial approach acknowledges that both biological and social factors influence mental processes, including behavior, thoughts, and emotions. This approach takes into account not only neurological and genetic influences on behavior but also the impact of social and cultural factors such as family dynamics, social support, and cultural expectations. Behaviorism and humanistic psychology focus more narrowly on either behavior or subjective experiences, respectively. Introspection is a method of self-examination that has limited applicability to understanding complex mental processes.

Quiz 19: The Worth Video Anthology for Introductory Psychology