Question 1

Which of the following is not considered a criticism of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not considered...

Question 2

The textbook suggests that the effects of peer pressure have been overrated.Three of the following are factors that ameliorate, or "soften," the potential effects of peer pressure.Which statement is not one of these factors?

Accepted Answer

Factors A, B, and C all describe ways in which the potential negative effects of peer pressure can be mitigated or lessened. A involves maintaining personal integrity despite outward appearances, B highlights the tendency to associate with like-minded individuals, and C points to the enduring influence of family values. D, however, suggests a level of moral development that is not universally achieved by all adolescents, making it less reliable as a general mitigating factor against peer pressure.

Question 3

Jean-Louis, a fourteen-year old who has a learning disability, is starting at a new school on Monday after a move to a new city.What recommendation would you give his parents to help him stay away from peer pressure?

Accepted Answer

Strengthening parental bonds can provide Jean-Louis with a strong support system, helping him navigate peer pressure by fostering open communication and trust. This approach allows him to discuss his feelings and challenges, making him less susceptible to negative influences.

Question 4

Sixteen-year-old Lisa has known since she was four years old that she will become a teacher.Her grandmother was a teacher, and her mother and two aunts are teachers.She has never even thought about any other occupation.Lisa can best be described as showing:

Accepted Answer

Lisa is in the stage of foreclosure because she has committed to an identity (becoming a teacher) without exploring other options, influenced by her family's tradition in the profession.

Question 5

Which one of the following best illustrates a sense of identity?

Accepted Answer

Jimmy taking pride in his First Nation heritage illustrates a sense of identity because it shows a connection and identification with his cultural background, which is a key aspect of personal identity.

Question 6

One of the most important stages in a child's early years is Erikson's stage of initiative vs.guilt, in which children learn to:

Accepted Answer

Erikson's stage of initiative vs. guilt emphasizes children's emerging ability to plan and carry out their own activities, reflecting their growing sense of initiative. This stage typically occurs around the ages of 3 to 5 years.

Question 7

Which of Erikson's stages is hinged on having established one's identity?

Accepted Answer

Erikson's stage of intimacy vs. isolation follows the successful resolution of the identity vs. role confusion stage. It is during the intimacy vs. isolation stage that individuals, having established their identity, seek to form intimate relationships with others.

Question 8

After being labelled a "geek" by the very popular students at Rider High School, Dov asked five of his gamer friends to wear "geek pride" t-shirts to school.Dov's request is likely to create a:

Accepted Answer

Dov's request to his friends to wear "geek pride" t-shirts to school is likely to create a subculture, which is a group of people within a larger culture that differentiates itself from the larger culture to which it belongs, often through a shared set of beliefs, values, or interests. In this case, the shared interest is in gaming and a shared stance on embracing their "geek" identity.

Question 9

Which one of the following illustrates developmental theorists' notion of the personal fable?

Accepted Answer

The personal fable is a concept from developmental psychology that describes adolescents' belief in their own uniqueness, invincibility, and personal mythology. Cameron's belief that he is invincible, immortal, and immune to the problems others face perfectly illustrates this notion, as it reflects a sense of personal uniqueness and invulnerability common among adolescents.

Question 10

According to Erik Erikson, students' ability to trust those around them stems from:

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development posits that the foundation for trust is laid during infancy, primarily through the quality of the caregiver-infant relationship. This stage is known as the trust vs. mistrust stage, where infants learn whether or not they can trust the people around them based on the consistency of care and affection they receive.

Question 11

As a 17-year-old high school senior, Julian has no sense of direction.Over the past year he has dabbled in auto mechanics, photography, and Buddhism, but nothing has held his interest for more than a month or so.Julian can best be described as showing:

Accepted Answer

Julian's behavior is indicative of identity diffusion, where an individual lacks a clear sense of identity and has not committed to any particular roles, values, or goals. This is shown through his frequent changes in interests without developing a sustained commitment to any.

Question 12

Jules is discovering that by being able to write all his letters, he is winning the approval of his teacher.Without knowing anything else about Jules, the best guess is that he is in Erikson's stage of:

Accepted Answer

Jules is likely in the industry vs. inferiority stage, which occurs roughly between the ages of 5 and 12. This stage is characterized by the development of skills and abilities, and success leads to a sense of industry. Jules's ability to write all his letters and the approval he gains from it align with the focus on skill development and the feelings of competence that define this stage.

Question 13

Mary Jane, a sixth grader, nearly always eats lunch with the same five or six girls.They usually spread out at the table so no other girls can sit with them.Sometimes they even plan together what they will wear to school the next day.Mary Jane's group is an example of a:

Accepted Answer

Mary Jane's group is an example of a clique, which is a small, exclusive group of people who interact closely and often exclude others from joining them. The behaviors described, such as eating lunch together regularly, spreading out to prevent others from joining, and planning outfits together, are characteristic of cliques.

Question 14

Which one of the following examples illustrates how the imaginary audience can be a factor in the adolescent's developing self-concept?

Accepted Answer

The concept of the "imaginary audience" refers to an adolescent's belief that they are constantly being watched and judged by others. This is illustrated by Ingrid's feeling that everyone must be looking at her, which is a common experience during adolescence due to heightened self-consciousness and egocentrism.

Question 15

What is the best possible explanation for the inflated self-esteem of many preschool and elementary school aged children?

Accepted Answer

Young children have fewer opportunities for social comparison, which can lead to an inflated sense of self-esteem. They are less likely to compare their abilities and achievements with those of their peers, leading to an overestimation of their own capabilities.

Question 16

Three of the following teachers are using strategies that should promote their students' self-esteem.Which strategy probably will not?

Accepted Answer

Ms. Barnes' strategy of using academic competitions to motivate students might not promote self-esteem in all students, especially those who do not win or perform well in these competitions. This could potentially lead to feelings of inadequacy or lower self-esteem in some students.

Question 17

If we consider Erikson's theory of personal development, then which one of the following issues would we expect secondary students to be most concerned about?

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, during adolescence (which includes the age of secondary students), individuals are primarily concerned with identity vs. role confusion. This stage involves trying to figure out who they are and what they want to do with their lives, which aligns with option B.

Question 18

Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development is a:

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development posits that individuals go through a series of eight stages from infancy to adulthood, each characterized by a specific conflict or developmental task that the individual must resolve.

Question 19

Which one of the following best illustrates Erikson's stage of identity vs.role confusion?

Accepted Answer

Erikson's stage of identity vs. role confusion involves adolescents trying to figure out who they are and what they want to do with their lives. Craig's situation of trying to decide on a future career is a direct example of someone working through issues of identity and seeing where they fit in the world.

Question 20

Friendships are especially important in social development because children and adolescents:

Accepted Answer

Friendships require effort and commitment, which help children and adolescents develop important social skills needed to maintain relationships.

Quiz 3: Personal, Social, and Moral Development