Question 1

Which of the following motivational strivings characterize the "self-as-object"?
A)Define the self
B)Develop personal potential
C)Increase self-esteem
D)Regulate the self

Accepted Answer

The "self-as-object" involves defining the self, which is about understanding and establishing one's identity and characteristics.

Question 2

When a person receives potent social feedback that disconfirms his or her preexisting self-conception, what variable determines whether the person will or will not experience a change in self-concept?
A)self-concept certainty
B)whether self-esteem is positive or negative
C)whether the self-concept is positive or negative
D)whether the social feedback is positive or negative

Accepted Answer

Self-concept certainty is the key variable that determines whether a person will experience a change in self-concept when receiving potent social feedback that disconfirms their preexisting self-conception. If an individual is highly certain of their self-concept, they are less likely to change it in response to disconfirming feedback. Conversely, if they are uncertain, they are more open to change.

Question 3

______represent the future self.
A)Attributional selves
B)Best selves
C)Possible selves
D)Strategic selves

Accepted Answer

Possible selves represent individuals' ideas of what they might become, what they would like to become, and what they are afraid of becoming, thus directly relating to the future self.

Question 4

The self-concept is:
A)a collection of domain-specific self-schemas.
B)a reservoir of psychological needs, including autonomy, competence, and relatedness.
C)a reflection of the person's interpersonal relationships.
D)an unconscious process based in ego-based concerns and motives.

Accepted Answer

The self-concept is understood as a collection of domain-specific self-schemas, which are cognitive generalizations about the self derived from past experiences that organize and guide the processing of self-related information.

Question 5

A ___represents the present state of the self-concept, whereas a(n) ___represents the future, desired state of the self-concept.
A)possible self; self-schema
B)self-schema; ought-to self
C)self-schema; possible self
D)self-striving; possible self

Accepted Answer

A self-schema represents the current state of how we see ourselves, including our beliefs and feelings about our traits and abilities. A possible self, on the other hand, represents what we aspire to become in the future, including our hopes, fears, and goals.

Question 6

Research finds that those with high self-esteem choose to interact with people who evaluate them positively, while those with low self-esteem choose to interact with people who evaluate them negatively.This shows that, generally speaking:
A)high self-esteem people are vulnerable to the illusion of control.
B)low self-esteem people are vulnerable to a self-verification crisis.
C)people choose to interact with people who are similar to themselves.
D)people choose to interact with people who treat them in a way that they want to be treated.

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon illustrates that people tend to seek out interactions with others who treat them in a manner consistent with their own self-view or how they wish to be treated, aligning with the concept that individuals are drawn to environments and interactions that reinforce their existing self-perception.

Question 7

Which of the following events combine to instigate the self-verification process?
A)mildly self-discrepant feedback combined with low self-concept certainty
B)mildly self-discrepant feedback combined with moderate self-concept certainty
C)strongly self-discrepant feedback combined with low self-concept certainty
D)strongly self-discrepant feedback combined with moderate self-concept certainty

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following events combine to...

Question 8

Which of the following statements regarding self-esteem is most true?
A)High self-esteem causes high subsequent achievement/performance.
B)People with low self-esteem are significantly more prone to aggression and acts of violence than are people with high self-esteem.
C)Self-esteem is a by-product of life's satisfactions, triumphs, and positive relationships.
D)the best way to increase another person's motivation is to increase his or her self-esteem.

Accepted Answer

Self-esteem is often influenced by life's experiences, including successes, satisfactions, and positive relationships, rather than being a direct cause of external outcomes.

Question 9

The motivational role of possible selves is to:
A)increase self-efficacy to provide an intrapsychic context to overcome self-doubt.
B)increase the person's positive emotional states.
C)increase the person's self-esteem.
D)provide a goal one strives to attain.

Accepted Answer

Possible selves serve as a motivational tool by providing individuals with a vision of what they could become, which acts as a goal to strive towards, thereby directing behavior and effort.

Question 10

Which of the following is not considered a core dimension of psychological well-being?
A)environmental mastery
B)purpose in life
C)self-acceptance
D)self-consistency

Accepted Answer

Self-consistency is not considered a core dimension of psychological well-being according to models like Ryff's six-factor model, which includes environmental mastery, purpose in life, and self-acceptance among its dimensions.

Question 11

Relating the self to society shows how ____energizes and directs behavior.
A)agency
B)identity
C)self-concept
D)self-esteem

Accepted Answer

The answer of Relating the self to society shows how...

Question 12

___are cognitive generalizations about the self that are domain specific and learned from past experience.
A)Ego identity statuses
B)Fundamental sentiments
C)Possible selves
D)Self-schemas

Accepted Answer

Self-schemas are cognitive generalizations about the self, derived from past experience, that organize and guide the processing of self-related information contained in the individual's social experiences.

Question 13

Which of the following motivational strivings characterize the "self-as-agent"?
A)Define the self
B)Develop personal potential
C)Increase self-esteem
D)Relate the self to society

Accepted Answer

The "self-as-agent" focuses on personal growth and development, which aligns with the striving to develop personal potential.

Question 14

Defining or creating the self shows how ____energizes and directs behavior.
A)agency
B)identity
C)self-concept
D)self-esteem

Accepted Answer

The answer of Defining or creating the self shows how...

Question 15

Discovering and developing the potential of the self shows how ____energizes and directs behavior.
A)agency
B)identity
C)self-concept
D)self-esteem

Accepted Answer

Agency refers to the capacity of individuals to act independently and make their own free choices, which is crucial for energizing and directing behavior as it involves the recognition and development of one's potential.

Question 16

In understanding the conditions under which a person's self-view (or self-concept) changes, which of the following statements is most true?
A)Given self-discrepant feedback, self-concept change is the exception, not the rule.
B)Given self-discrepant feedback, self-verification is routine-the expected process.
C)Self-discrepant feedback must be potent and unambiguous.
D)all of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of In understanding the conditions under which a...

Question 17

___selves, which motivate goal-directed behavior, are the imagined selves a person would eventually like to become.
A)Actual
B)Consistent
C)Ought to
D)Possible

Accepted Answer

Possible selves are the conceptualizations of the selves that individuals aspire to become in the future, driving their motivations and actions towards achieving those goals.

Question 18

The textbook identifies four problems that take center stage in the motivational struggles of the self.Which one of the following is not one of the self's motivational struggles?
A)defining or creating the self
B)discovering and developing personal potential
C)increasing self-esteem
D)managing or regulating the self

Accepted Answer

Increasing self-esteem is not identified as one of the self's motivational struggles in the context provided. The focus is more on the processes of self-definition, potential development, and self-regulation.

Question 19

The problem with placing too much emphasis on self-esteem in a motivational analysis of behavior is that:
A)no programs yet exist to show how self-esteem can be increased.
B)self-esteem is too difficult to measure to be treated as a scientific construct.
C)self-esteem changes and varies too much with situational events.
D)there are almost no findings that self-esteem causes anything at all.

Accepted Answer

Self-esteem is often considered a result rather than a cause of certain behaviors or outcomes, meaning that while it can be associated with various positive or negative outcomes, it is not necessarily the driving force behind them. This challenges the emphasis on self-esteem in motivational analysis, as it suggests that self-esteem might not be the causal factor that it is often assumed to be.

Question 20

Managing the self shows how ____energizes and directs behavior.
A)agency
B)self-concept
C)self-esteem
D)self-regulation

Accepted Answer

Self-regulation involves managing the self, which includes directing and energizing behavior.

Quiz 11: The Self and Its Strivings

Which of the following motivational strivings characterize the "self-as-object"?

When a person receives potent social feedback that disconfirms his or her preexisting self-conception, what variable determines whether the person will or will not experience a change in self-concept?

______represent the future self.

The self-concept is:

A _represents the present state of the self-concept, whereas a(n) _represents the future, desired state of the self-concept.

Research finds that those with high self-esteem choose to interact with people who evaluate them positively, while those with low self-esteem choose to interact with people who evaluate them negatively.This shows that, generally speaking:

Which of the following events combine to instigate the self-verification process?

Which of the following statements regarding self-esteem is most true?

The motivational role of possible selves is to:

Which of the following is not considered a core dimension of psychological well-being?

Relating the self to society shows how ____energizes and directs behavior.

___are cognitive generalizations about the self that are domain specific and learned from past experience.

Which of the following motivational strivings characterize the "self-as-agent"?

Defining or creating the self shows how ____energizes and directs behavior.

Discovering and developing the potential of the self shows how ____energizes and directs behavior.

In understanding the conditions under which a person's self-view (or self-concept) changes, which of the following statements is most true?

___selves, which motivate goal-directed behavior, are the imagined selves a person would eventually like to become.

The textbook identifies four problems that take center stage in the motivational struggles of the self.Which one of the following is not one of the self's motivational struggles?

The problem with placing too much emphasis on self-esteem in a motivational analysis of behavior is that:

Managing the self shows how ____energizes and directs behavior.