Question 1

From where does a person's high level of extrinsic motivation come?

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic motivation is driven by external factors such as environmental incentives, consequences, and rewards, rather than internal desires or needs.

Question 2

Which is the best characterization (description) of operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Operant conditioning is a learning process through which the strength of a behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment. It involves an individual making an association between a particular behavior and a consequence.

Question 3

Which of the following sentences best captures the spirit of extrinsic motivation?

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic motivation refers to behavior that is driven by external rewards such as money, fame, grades, and praise. The phrase "Do this in order to get that" encapsulates the essence of extrinsic motivation, where the action is performed not for its own sake but to obtain something else.

Question 4

Reinforcement is to _____, as punishment is to _____.

Accepted Answer

Reinforcement is used to promote or increase a behavior, while punishment is used to suppress or decrease a behavior.

Question 5

People experience intrinsic motivation because:

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic motivation is driven by internal desires and satisfactions, not external rewards. People are intrinsically motivated when they engage in activities for the joy and satisfaction derived from the activity itself, which aligns with the concept of fulfilling innate psychological needs.

Question 6

If a person receives a paycheck for coming to work on time, then the worker becomes more likely to come to work on time in the future. This example illustrates that the paycheck acts as a(n):

Accepted Answer

The paycheck serves as a positive reinforcer because it is a reward that increases the likelihood of the desired behavior (coming to work on time) happening again in the future. Positive reinforcement involves adding something pleasant in response to a behavior.

Question 7

The behavioral view of learning assumes that learning is essentially a change in behavior, and this view emphasizes the effects of___as the cause of that learning?

Accepted Answer

The behavioral view of learning emphasizes the role of environmental stimuli in shaping or modifying behaviors. This perspective focuses on observable behaviors and the ways they are influenced by external stimuli, rather than internal thoughts or feelings.

Question 8

A(n) _is any offering from one person given to another person in exchange for his or her service or achievement.

Accepted Answer

A reward is something given in exchange for a person's service or achievement, fitting the definition provided.

Question 9

The study of extrinsic motivation revolves around three central concepts. Which of the following is not one of those concepts?

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic motivation is primarily concerned with external factors that influence motivation, such as incentives, punishments, and rewards. "Need" is more closely associated with intrinsic motivation, which involves internal desires or psychological needs.

Question 10

Which of the following events leads to the learning of escape and avoidance behaviors?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following events leads to...

Question 11

A teacher gives a child a time-out for teasing a classmate, and then the time-out succeeds in making the child's future teasing behavior less likely in the future. This example illustrates that the time-out acts as a(n):

Accepted Answer

The time-out serves as a punisher because it decreases the likelihood of the teasing behavior occurring again in the future by introducing an unpleasant consequence (the time-out) following the undesired behavior (teasing).

Question 12

When a drill instructor uses orders, commands, directives, and in-your-face shouts to increase recruits' compliance, his approach to motivation relies heavily on:

Accepted Answer

The drill instructor's approach relies on extrinsic incentives, as the motivation for compliance is external to the individual (e.g., avoiding punishment or seeking approval), rather than stemming from internal desires or interests.

Question 13

From where does a person's high level of intrinsic motivation come?

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic motivation is driven by internal rewards and satisfaction, not external factors. It emerges from fulfilling innate psychological needs such as autonomy, competence, and relatedness, rather than being learned from external feedback or modeled behavior.

Question 14

The behavioral act of taking out the garbage in order to stop your roommate's persistent nagging to do so results in ___for the act of taking out the garbage.

Accepted Answer

Negative reinforcement occurs when a behavior is strengthened because it removes or diminishes a negative outcome. In this case, taking out the garbage stops the roommate's nagging, which is an undesirable experience, thus reinforcing the behavior of taking out the garbage to avoid the nagging.

Question 15

A(n) ___is an environmental object that occurs before the start of a sequence of behavior and attracts or repels the individual to engage or not in the behavior.

Accepted Answer

An incentive is an environmental object or event that motivates behavior by attracting or repelling an individual towards or away from initiating a sequence of actions. It acts as a stimulus that precedes and influences behavior, unlike consequences or punishers that follow behavior.

Question 16

Which of the following events increases the future probability of a behavior?

Accepted Answer

Negative reinforcement increases the future probability of a behavior because it involves the removal of an aversive stimulus following a behavior, making the behavior more likely to occur again in the future.

Question 17

Consider two different ways of motivating others by using rewards. First way: "Good job, you improved your penmanship nicely."
Second way: "If you improve your penmanship today, then I'll give you a reward."
Why is the first way more effective and less harmful (in terms of side effects) than is the second way?

Accepted Answer

The first way provides intrinsic motivation by acknowledging the individual's effort and improvement, reinforcing their sense of accomplishment and competence. This approach is more sustainable and encourages internal satisfaction, unlike the second way, which relies on external rewards and can undermine intrinsic motivation.

Question 18

A(n) ___is an attractive environmental object that occurs at the end of a sequence of behaviors and acts to increase the probability that the behavior will recur.

Accepted Answer

A reward is an attractive environmental object that follows a behavior and increases the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated.

Question 19

If a person takes an aspirin and the aspirin makes a headache go away, then the person becomes more likely to take an aspirin for a headache in the future. This example illustrates that the aspirin acts as a(n):

Accepted Answer

The aspirin acts as a negative reinforcer because it removes the unpleasant stimulus (the headache), which increases the likelihood that the behavior (taking aspirin for a headache) will be repeated in the future.

Question 20

Proponents of operant conditioning endorse the following conceptualization of behavior: S : R $\rightarrow$ C. What does the "C" stand for?

Accepted Answer

The "C" stands for "consequence" in the context of operant conditioning, referring to the outcome or result that follows a behavior, which can influence the future occurrence of that behavior.

Quiz 5: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations

From where does a person's high level of extrinsic motivation come?

Which is the best characterization (description) of operant conditioning?

Which of the following sentences best captures the spirit of extrinsic motivation?

Reinforcement is to _, as punishment is to _.

People experience intrinsic motivation because:

If a person receives a paycheck for coming to work on time, then the worker becomes more likely to come to work on time in the future. This example illustrates that the paycheck acts as a(n) :

The behavioral view of learning assumes that learning is essentially a change in behavior, and this view emphasizes the effects of___as the cause of that learning?

A(n) _is any offering from one person given to another person in exchange for his or her service or achievement.

The study of extrinsic motivation revolves around three central concepts. Which of the following is not one of those concepts?

Which of the following events leads to the learning of escape and avoidance behaviors?

A teacher gives a child a time-out for teasing a classmate, and then the time-out succeeds in making the child's future teasing behavior less likely in the future. This example illustrates that the time-out acts as a(n) :

When a drill instructor uses orders, commands, directives, and in-your-face shouts to increase recruits' compliance, his approach to motivation relies heavily on:

From where does a person's high level of intrinsic motivation come?

The behavioral act of taking out the garbage in order to stop your roommate's persistent nagging to do so results in ___for the act of taking out the garbage.

A(n) ___is an environmental object that occurs before the start of a sequence of behavior and attracts or repels the individual to engage or not in the behavior.

Which of the following events increases the future probability of a behavior?

A(n) ___is an attractive environmental object that occurs at the end of a sequence of behaviors and acts to increase the probability that the behavior will recur.

If a person takes an aspirin and the aspirin makes a headache go away, then the person becomes more likely to take an aspirin for a headache in the future. This example illustrates that the aspirin acts as a(n) :

Proponents of operant conditioning endorse the following conceptualization of behavior: S : R $\rightarrow$ C. What does the "C" stand for?

Quiz 5: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations

From where does a person's high level of extrinsic motivation come?

Which is the best characterization (description) of operant conditioning?

Which of the following sentences best captures the spirit of extrinsic motivation?

Reinforcement is to _____, as punishment is to _____.

People experience intrinsic motivation because:

If a person receives a paycheck for coming to work on time, then the worker becomes more likely to come to work on time in the future. This example illustrates that the paycheck acts as a(n) :

The behavioral view of learning assumes that learning is essentially a change in behavior, and this view emphasizes the effects of___as the cause of that learning?

A(n) _is any offering from one person given to another person in exchange for his or her service or achievement.

The study of extrinsic motivation revolves around three central concepts. Which of the following is not one of those concepts?

Which of the following events leads to the learning of escape and avoidance behaviors?

A teacher gives a child a time-out for teasing a classmate, and then the time-out succeeds in making the child's future teasing behavior less likely in the future. This example illustrates that the time-out acts as a(n) :

When a drill instructor uses orders, commands, directives, and in-your-face shouts to increase recruits' compliance, his approach to motivation relies heavily on:

From where does a person's high level of intrinsic motivation come?

The behavioral act of taking out the garbage in order to stop your roommate's persistent nagging to do so results in ___for the act of taking out the garbage.

A(n) ___is an environmental object that occurs before the start of a sequence of behavior and attracts or repels the individual to engage or not in the behavior.

Which of the following events increases the future probability of a behavior?

A(n) ___is an attractive environmental object that occurs at the end of a sequence of behaviors and acts to increase the probability that the behavior will recur.

If a person takes an aspirin and the aspirin makes a headache go away, then the person becomes more likely to take an aspirin for a headache in the future. This example illustrates that the aspirin acts as a(n) :

Proponents of operant conditioning endorse the following conceptualization of behavior: S : R →\rightarrow→ C. What does the "C" stand for?

Reinforcement is to _, as punishment is to _.

Proponents of operant conditioning endorse the following conceptualization of behavior: S : R $\rightarrow$ C. What does the "C" stand for?