Question 1

If a person engages in an intrinsically motivating activity and begins to receive extrinsic rewards for doing so, what happens to his or her intrinsic and extrinsic motivations?

Accepted Answer

When a person who initially engages in an activity for intrinsic reasons starts receiving extrinsic rewards, their intrinsic motivation tends to decrease, a phenomenon known as the overjustification effect. Meanwhile, their extrinsic motivation increases because they now have an external incentive for the activity.

Question 2

Which one of the following is not a "hidden cost of rewards?"

Accepted Answer

Rewards undermining goal-directed effort is not typically considered a hidden cost of rewards. The hidden costs often discussed in psychology and education literature include undermining intrinsic motivation (B), the development of autonomous self-regulation (C), and the quality of learning and conceptual understanding (D).

Question 3

According to self-determination theory, what type of motivation explains the student's effort in school when the student says, "I try so hard so the teacher won't yell at me."?

Accepted Answer

External regulation refers to motivation that is driven by external rewards or punishments, such as avoiding being yelled at by a teacher.

Question 4

Which of the following statements is not supported by empirical research?

Accepted Answer

Empirical research does not support the statement that rewards decrease a learner's ability to learn factual information. Instead, research often shows that rewards can enhance motivation and engagement, potentially improving learning outcomes.

Question 5

If a musician who enjoys playing music "for fun" begins to receive money for playing music at weddings week after week, what is most likely to happen to his or her intrinsic and extrinsic motivations to play music in the future?

Accepted Answer

When a person starts receiving external rewards (like money) for an activity they initially did for intrinsic enjoyment (like playing music for fun), their intrinsic motivation often decreases because the external reward can overshadow the personal satisfaction. Meanwhile, their extrinsic motivation increases because they now have an additional, tangible reason (money) to engage in the activity.

Question 6

According to Deci and Ryan's cognitive evaluation theory, all extrinsic events have two functional aspects: a controlling aspect and an informational aspect. To say that an external event is informational means that it:

Accepted Answer

The informational aspect of an external event, according to Deci and Ryan's cognitive evaluation theory, refers to the event's capacity to convey feedback about performance, indicating whether a job has been done well or poorly. This feedback helps individuals assess their competence and effectiveness in a task.

Question 7

According to Deci and Ryan's cognitive evaluation theory, all extrinsic events have two functional aspects: a controlling aspect and an informational aspect. To say that an external event is controlling means that it:

Accepted Answer

The controlling aspect of an external event, according to Deci and Ryan's cognitive evaluation theory, refers to the event's capacity to coerce or pressure an individual into behaving in a certain way, often undermining intrinsic motivation by making the individual feel controlled or compelled.

Question 8

In the Lepper et al.(1973) study in which children received good player awards for a drawing activity, in which experimental condition did children show the largest decrease in their later intrinsic motivation to draw?

Accepted Answer

In the study by Lepper et al. (1973), children in the expected reward condition showed the largest decrease in their later intrinsic motivation to draw. This finding supports the overjustification effect, where external rewards can reduce intrinsic motivation for an activity that was initially rewarding in itself.

Question 9

Extrinsic rewards do not always undermine intrinsic motivation, as some types of extrinsic rewards are more undermining than other types. All of the following are undermining characteristics of extrinsic rewards, except:

Accepted Answer

Novelty in rewards can actually enhance intrinsic motivation rather than undermine it, as it can add an element of surprise or new interest, contrasting with controlling, expected, and tangible rewards which are more likely to diminish intrinsic motivation.

Question 10

According to self-determination theory, what type of motivation explains the student's effort in school when the student says, "I try so hard so I won't feel guilty or ashamed of myself."?

Accepted Answer

Introjected regulation, a form of extrinsic motivation, explains the student's effort in school to avoid feelings of guilt or shame. This type of motivation involves taking in an external regulation but not fully accepting it as one's own, leading to actions driven by internal pressures.

Question 11

Which of the following ways of delivering praise best supports the intrinsic motivation of the other person? Saying:

Accepted Answer

Option A supports intrinsic motivation by acknowledging specific improvement, which encourages the person to value their own progress and fosters a sense of personal achievement.

Question 12

Which type of motivation is most closely associated with the following orientation: "Do this in order to get that," where the "this" is the requested behavior?

Accepted Answer

This description is characteristic of extrinsic motivation, where actions are driven by external rewards or to avoid negative outcomes, rather than for the inherent satisfaction of the activity itself.

Question 13

___emerges spontaneously from psychological needs, personal curiosities, and innate strivings for growth.

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic motivation refers to behavior that is driven by internal rewards, such as personal satisfaction or the pleasure of engaging in an activity. It emerges from within the individual, often as a result of psychological needs, personal curiosities, and an innate desire for growth and self-improvement. Unlike extrinsic motivation, which is driven by external rewards, intrinsic motivation is self-generated and linked to personal fulfillment.

Question 14

Which of the following is not an assumption of cognitive evaluation theory?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive evaluation theory does not assume that all external events promote intrinsic motivation; rather, it suggests that external events can either enhance or undermine intrinsic motivation depending on whether they support or thwart an individual's needs for competence and autonomy.

Question 15

Lepper et al.'s study with preschool children with the drawing activity and good player awards found that the extrinsic reward decreased intrinsic interest only when children received:

Accepted Answer

Lepper et al.'s study found that intrinsic interest in an activity decreased when children were given an expected extrinsic reward for engaging in that activity, such as being told they would receive a reward for drawing. This phenomenon is related to the overjustification effect, where external incentives can diminish internal motivation.

Question 16

Which statement concerning negative reinforcement and punishment is most true?

Accepted Answer

Negative reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior by removing an unpleasant stimulus, while punishment decreases the likelihood of a behavior by introducing an unpleasant stimulus or removing a pleasant one, thus having opposite effects on behavior.

Question 17

According to self-determination theory, what type of motivation explains the student's effort in school when the student says, "I try so hard because my school work is an important and valuable thing to do."?

Accepted Answer

Identified regulation is a type of autonomous motivation where actions are taken because they are personally valued and seen as important, aligning with the student's statement about school work being important and valuable.

Question 18

In understanding how interpersonal competition affects people's intrinsic motivation, each of the following statements is true, except:

Accepted Answer

Winning in a high-pressure competition does not necessarily lead to high intrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation is more related to the enjoyment and interest in the activity itself, rather than the outcome (winning or losing). High-pressure situations can undermine intrinsic motivation by shifting focus to external rewards or approval, rather than the internal satisfaction of the activity.

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true? Extrinsic rewards:

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic rewards, such as money or prizes, can shift a learner's focus from the intrinsic satisfaction of mastering a task to the external rewards they might gain. This shift can undermine intrinsic motivation and reduce the learner's engagement with the task for its own sake.

Question 20

Which of the following is a benefit of extrinsic rewards?

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic rewards, such as money or prizes, can make tasks that individuals might not find inherently interesting seem more appealing because there is a tangible benefit for completing them. This can motivate people to engage in activities they might otherwise avoid.

Quiz 5: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations