Question 1

Which cell type removes cellular waste?
A) neurons
B) oligodendrocytes
C) astrocytes
D) microglial cells

Accepted Answer

Microglial cells are the primary immune defense in the central nervous system and play a key role in removing cellular debris and waste.

Question 2

What is the function of neuronal dendrites?
A) They produce the myelin sheath.
B) They send neurotransmitters to other neurons.
C) They contain the neuron's genetic material.
D) They receive information from other neurons.

Accepted Answer

Dendrites are specialized structures in neurons that receive electrical messages from other neurons. These messages are then transmitted to the cell body, or soma, of the neuron. Unlike axons, which typically send information away from the neuron's cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands, dendrites primarily function as the receiving end of the communication process within the nervous system.

Question 3

A plane that shows brain structures as seen from the front (or frontal plane) is referred to as a ____.
A) coronal plane
B) sagittal plane
C) transverse plane
D) horizontal plane

Accepted Answer

The coronal plane, also known as the frontal plane, divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts, showing brain structures as seen from the front.

Question 4

Which cell type plays a role in forming the blood-brain barrier?
A) neurons
B) oligodendrocytes
C) astrocytes
D) microglial cells

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes are crucial in the formation and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier. They provide support to the endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier by regulating the passage of materials from the bloodstream into the brain, ensuring that potentially harmful substances are kept out.

Question 5

After encountering a ferocious dog while walking back from your psychopharmacology lecture, your heart races. After the dog turns in the other direction you began to relax and your heart beat slows down. What nervous system is primarily responsible for initiating your more relaxed state?
A) sympathetic nervous system
B) somatic nervous system
C) parasympathetic nervous system
D) central nervous system

Accepted Answer

The parasympathetic nervous system is primarily responsible for initiating the body's relaxed state after a stressor (like encountering a ferocious dog) has passed, helping to slow down the heart rate and return the body to a state of calm.

Question 6

Dr. Mitchum is exploring the role of sensory neurons (which convey sensory information to the central nervous system) in detecting incremental changes in temperature. Which type of neuron is Dr. Mitchum studying?
A) afferent neuron
B) efferent neuron
C) intraneuron
D) interneuron

Accepted Answer

Afferent neurons, also known as sensory neurons, are responsible for conveying sensory information from the body's periphery towards the central nervous system. This includes detecting changes in temperature, making them the focus of Dr. Mitchum's study.

Question 7

Dr. Goulard is investigating mechanisms of preserving the function of motor neurons (which convey motor information from the central nervous system) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Which type of neuron is Dr. Goulard studying?
A) afferent neuron
B) efferent neuron
C) intraneuron
D) interneuron

Accepted Answer

Motor neurons, which convey motor information from the central nervous system to muscles or glands, are classified as efferent neurons. They carry signals away from the CNS to effect changes in the body.

Question 8

The small space between the axon terminal and postsynaptic terminal is called the ____.
A) soma
B) synaptic cleft
C) nucleus
D) receptor

Accepted Answer

The small space between the axon terminal of one neuron and the postsynaptic terminal (or dendrite) of another neuron is called the synaptic cleft. This gap is crucial for the transmission of chemical signals (neurotransmitters) from one neuron to another.

Question 9

Which nervous system delivers voluntary motor signals from the central nervous system to muscles throughout the body and conveys sensory information from the body to the central nervous system?
A) sympathetic nervous system
B) somatic nervous system
C) parasympathetic nervous system
D) autonomic nervous system

Accepted Answer

The somatic nervous system is responsible for carrying motor and sensory information both to and from the central nervous system, thus controlling voluntary movements.

Question 10

What is the function of a neuron's axon?
A) It produces the myelin sheath.
B) It sends neurotransmitters to other neurons.
C) It contains the neuron's genetic materials.
D) It receives information from other neurons.

Accepted Answer

Axons are specialized for transmitting electrical signals to other neurons, muscles, or glands. They do this by releasing neurotransmitters at their terminals, which then bind to receptors on the target cells, facilitating communication between cells.

Question 11

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding neurons and glia cells?
A) Neurons control behavior; glia cells support the function of neurons
B) Glia cells control behavior; neurons support the function of glia cells
C) Neurons are restricted to the brain; glia cells are restricted to the periphery
D) Glia cells are restricted to the brain; neurons are restricted to the periphery

Accepted Answer

Neurons are primarily responsible for transmitting signals that control behavior, while glia cells provide support, protection, and nutrition to neurons, enhancing their function and maintaining the homeostasis of the nervous system.

Question 12

The nervous system consists of two systems: ____.
A) the peripheral nervous system and the frontal nervous system
B) the tangential nervous system and the frontal nervous system
C) the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system
D) the tangential nervous system and the central nervous system

Accepted Answer

The nervous system is divided into two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which comprises all the nerves that branch out from the brain and spinal cord and extend to other parts of the body including muscles and organs.

Question 13

"Examine the anterior portion of the brain." Where do you tell your lab partner to look?
A) Toward the front of the brain
B) Toward the rear of the brain
C) Toward the midline of the brain
D) Toward the side of the brain

Accepted Answer

The anterior portion of the brain refers to the front part of the brain.

Question 14

"Examine the lateral portion of the brain." Where do you tell your lab partner to look?
A) Toward the back of the brain
B) Toward the bottom of the brain
C) Toward the midline of the brain
D) Toward the sides of the brain

Accepted Answer

The lateral portion of the brain refers to the sides of the brain. Looking laterally means examining the parts of the brain that are toward the outer sides, away from the midline.

Question 15

Which cell type produces a material called myelin?
A) neurons
B) oligodendrocytes
C) astrocytes
D) microglial cells

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes are responsible for the production of myelin in the central nervous system, which insulates nerve cell axons to increase the speed at which information (electrical impulses) is passed along the nerve cells.

Question 16

"Examine the dorsal portion of the brain." Where do you tell your lab partner to look?
A) Toward the top of the brain
B) Toward the rear of the brain
C) Toward the bottom of the brain
D) Toward the side of the brain

Accepted Answer

The dorsal portion of the brain refers to the top part of the brain, in line with its usage in anatomical terms where "dorsal" means "back" or "upper side" in humans.

Question 17

"Examine the posterior portion of the brain." Where do you tell your lab partner to look?
A) Toward the front of the brain
B) Toward the rear of the brain
C) Toward the bottom of the brain
D) Toward the side of the brain

Accepted Answer

The posterior portion of the brain refers to the back or rear part. Therefore, to examine the posterior portion, one should look toward the rear of the brain.

Question 18

A plane that shows brain structures as seen from above is referred to as a ____.
A) coronal plane
B) sagittal plane
C) frontal plane
D) horizontal plane

Accepted Answer

The horizontal plane (also known as the axial or transverse plane) divides the body or any of its parts into upper and lower parts. When referring to the brain, viewing it from above is achieved through this plane, showing the structures as they appear horizontally across the body.

Question 19

Which nervous system prepares the body for rigorous activity by increasing heartbeat, inhibiting digestion, and opening airways?
A) sympathetic nervous system
B) somatic nervous system
C) parasympathetic nervous system
D) central nervous system

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, which prepares the body for rigorous activity by increasing the heartbeat, inhibiting digestion, and opening airways, among other physiological changes.

Question 20

A plane that shows brain structures as seen from the side is referred to as a ____.
A) coronal plane
B) sagittal plane
C) frontal plane
D) horizontal plane

Accepted Answer

The sagittal plane divides the body into left and right parts and, when referring to the brain, shows structures as seen from the side.

Quiz 2: The Nervous System

Which cell type removes cellular waste?

What is the function of neuronal dendrites?

A plane that shows brain structures as seen from the front (or frontal plane) is referred to as a ____.

Which cell type plays a role in forming the blood-brain barrier?

After encountering a ferocious dog while walking back from your psychopharmacology lecture, your heart races. After the dog turns in the other direction you began to relax and your heart beat slows down. What nervous system is primarily responsible for initiating your more relaxed state?

Dr. Mitchum is exploring the role of sensory neurons (which convey sensory information to the central nervous system) in detecting incremental changes in temperature. Which type of neuron is Dr. Mitchum studying?

Dr. Goulard is investigating mechanisms of preserving the function of motor neurons (which convey motor information from the central nervous system) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Which type of neuron is Dr. Goulard studying?

The small space between the axon terminal and postsynaptic terminal is called the ____.

Which nervous system delivers voluntary motor signals from the central nervous system to muscles throughout the body and conveys sensory information from the body to the central nervous system?

What is the function of a neuron's axon?

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding neurons and glia cells?

The nervous system consists of two systems: ____.

"Examine the anterior portion of the brain." Where do you tell your lab partner to look?

"Examine the lateral portion of the brain." Where do you tell your lab partner to look?

Which cell type produces a material called myelin?

"Examine the dorsal portion of the brain." Where do you tell your lab partner to look?

"Examine the posterior portion of the brain." Where do you tell your lab partner to look?

A plane that shows brain structures as seen from above is referred to as a ____.

Which nervous system prepares the body for rigorous activity by increasing heartbeat, inhibiting digestion, and opening airways?

A plane that shows brain structures as seen from the side is referred to as a ____.