Question 1

The superior recall for words presented at the end of a list is the result of the _____________ effect.
A)primacy
B)encoding
C)recency
D)structural

Accepted Answer

The superior recall for words presented at the end of a list is due to the recency effect, which is part of the serial position effect. This phenomenon occurs because the items at the end of the list are still in short-term memory, making them easier to recall.

Question 2

A professor emphasizes that his students should pay attention to the meaning of the information in the textbooks, and how the information is related to our lives, instead of just repeating the information without understanding it much. The professor is encouraging his students to practice __________ rehearsal.
A)maintenance
B)elaborative
C)structural
D)phonological

Accepted Answer

Elaborative rehearsal involves thinking about the meaning of the information and making connections to existing knowledge, which is what the professor is encouraging.

Question 3

With regard to the serial position effect, the primacy effect refers to the superior recall of words presented at/in the _________________ of the list.
A)beginning and end
B)end
C)middle
D)beginning

Accepted Answer

The primacy effect refers to the better recall of items presented at the beginning of a list.

Question 4

When studying the sections of a chapter, Susan notices that her best recall is of the sections she studies last. Her recall of the information learnt just before testing herself is known as the __________ effect.
A)primacy
B)recency
C)episodic buffer
D)scholar's amnesia

Accepted Answer

The recency effect refers to the tendency to remember the most recently presented information best, which is why Susan recalls the sections she studies last the most clearly.

Question 5

The capacity of _____________ memory appears to be unlimited.
A)working
B)long-term
C)sensory
D)iconic

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory is known for its virtually unlimited capacity, allowing individuals to store vast amounts of information over extended periods.

Question 6

Words at the end of a list are typically remembered better than words presented in the middle. This is known as the _________________ effect and it presumably happens because the last few words on the list remain in the ________________ memory.
A)serial position; sensory
B)recency; long-term
C)primacy; short-term
D)recency; short-term

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is the recency effect, which occurs because the last few words on a list are still in short-term memory, making them easier to recall.

Question 7

When learning math tables for a test the following day, a student repeats the tables to themselves, applying a process known as __________.
A)elaborative rehearsal
B)maintenance rehearsal
C)numeric rehearsal
D)mental rehearsal

Accepted Answer

Maintenance rehearsal involves the repetitive review of information to keep it within short-term memory or to encode it into long-term memory. This is typically what happens when a student repeats math tables to memorize them.

Question 8

The recency effect is thought to occur because words at the end of the list ____________.
A)are rehearsed more and are more likely to be stored in long-term memory
B)are not bumped out of working memory by additional information
C)receive more maintenance rehearsal than words in the middle and beginning of the list
D)are more deeply processed than words in the middle and beginning of the list

Accepted Answer

The recency effect is thought to occur because the words at the end of a list are still in working memory and have not been displaced by new information, making them easier to recall.

Question 9

People's tendency to remember words at the beginning and end of a list better than words presented in the middle of the list is called the ____________.
A)primacy effect
B)serial position effect
C)state-dependent memory
D)recency effect

Accepted Answer

The serial position effect encompasses both the primacy effect (better memory for items at the beginning of a list) and the recency effect (better memory for items at the end of a list), explaining why people tend to remember words at the beginning and end of a list better than those in the middle.

Question 10

The intentional processing of information that requires conscious attention is called ________________ processing.
A)sensory
B)effortful
C)implicit memory
D)automatic

Accepted Answer

Effortful processing is the type of information processing that requires conscious effort and attention, unlike automatic processing which occurs without conscious awareness.

Question 11

If you were asked the geographic relationship between your school and Norway, you would likely retrieve a mental world map for use in the _______________ to derive your answer.
A)phonological loop
B)visuospatial sketchpad
C)iconic store system
D)echoic store system

Accepted Answer

The visuospatial sketchpad is part of the working memory that is responsible for holding and processing visual and spatial information, including mental imagery like maps, making it the correct component for retrieving a mental world map to determine geographic relationships.

Question 12

Assume that you have been asked to imagine a skier skiing quickly down a mountain. Your ____________ would be responsible for storing and temporarily manipulating this image, whereas your ____________ would allocate the proper amount of attention to this task and allow you to retrieve an image of a skier from your long-term memory and incorporate it into your current visualization.
A)phonological loop; visuospatial sketchpad
B)central executive; visuospatial sketchpad
C)visuospatial sketchpad; central executive
D)visuospatial sketchpad; phonological loop

Accepted Answer

The visuospatial sketchpad is part of the working memory that is responsible for holding and manipulating visual and spatial information, making it key for imagining a skier skiing down a mountain. The central executive is responsible for directing attention to relevant tasks, retrieving information from long-term memory, and integrating it into our current thought processes, thus it would manage the allocation of attention and retrieval of images to be incorporated into the visualization.

Question 13

The serial position effect predicts _____________ between the serial position of a word in a list and the likelihood that the word will be recalled.
A)a positive correlation
B)a negative correlation
C)a U-shaped relation
D)an inverted U-shaped relation

Accepted Answer

The serial position effect predicts a U-shaped relation between the serial position of a word in a list and the likelihood that the word will be recalled, indicating that words at the beginning and end of a list are more likely to be remembered than those in the middle.

Question 14

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of the phonological loop?
A)You have just met someone for the first time and you mentally repeat the person's name to yourself several times.
B)While imagining her next performance, an athlete retrieves images of previous successful competitions from long-term memory.
C)A child is working on a jigsaw puzzle and deciding whether a specific piece will fit in a particular place or not.
D)You are stuck in traffic and you use your knowledge of the street layout to take a shortcut.

Accepted Answer

The phonological loop is a component of working memory involved in the temporary storage and manipulation of verbal and auditory information. Repeating someone's name several times to remember it is a classic example of using the phonological loop to retain verbal information.

Question 15

Making a grocery list and taking notes for a class are both examples of ____________, which refers to encoding that is initiated intentionally and requires conscious attention.
A)effortful processing
B)automatic processing
C)maintenance rehearsal
D)state-dependent memory

Accepted Answer

Effortful processing is the type of encoding that requires conscious effort and attention, such as when making a grocery list or taking class notes. Automatic processing, on the other hand, involves unconscious encoding of incidental information. Maintenance rehearsal is a strategy for keeping information in short-term memory or for encoding it into long-term memory, but it is not the process itself. State-dependent memory refers to the phenomenon where information is more easily retrieved when one is in the same state of consciousness as when the memory was formed, which is not relevant to the act of making lists or taking notes.

Question 16

Although the ____________ effect is thought to be a result of the early transfer of information to long-term memory, the ___________ effect appears to be a result of information remaining in short-term memory.
A)serial position; primacy
B)recency; serial position
C)recency; primacy
D)primacy; recency

Accepted Answer

The primacy effect refers to the tendency to remember items at the beginning of a list because they have been transferred to long-term memory, while the recency effect refers to the tendency to remember items at the end of a list because they remain in short-term memory.

Question 17

The component of working memory that provides a temporary storage place where information from the phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad are integrated is called the _____________ component.
A)sensory
B)central executive
C)flashbulb
D)episodic buffer

Accepted Answer

The episodic buffer is the component of working memory that integrates information from the phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and long-term memory into a single, multidimensional representation.

Question 18

Assume that you are presented with a list of 15 random words. Immediately after the list has been presented, you are asked to recall as many words as you can. Research has shown that you will tend to remember words presented ____________.
A)in the middle the best
B)at the beginning and at the end better than words presented in the middle
C)at the end much better than words presented in the middle or at the beginning
D)in the beginning much better than words presented in the middle or at the end

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is explained by the serial position effect, which includes both the primacy effect (better recall of items at the beginning of a list) and the recency effect (better recall of items at the end of a list).

Question 19

A psychology student is playing a memory game with some friends, seeing ten displayed items for a few seconds, and then recalling the names of the items. When it is the student's turn to recall the items, the student is unable to recall three of the ten items. Which memory system did the three unrecalled items not go past?
A)Iconic store
B)Visual store
C)Echoic store
D)Short-term store

Accepted Answer

The answer of A psychology student is playing a memory...

Question 20

When taking an exam, you need to retrieve information from ____________ memory to answer the questions.
A)sensory
B)short-term
C)long-term
D)evaluative

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory is where information is stored for extended periods, and it is from this memory that you retrieve information to answer questions on an exam.

Quiz 8: Memory

The superior recall for words presented at the end of a list is the result of the _____________ effect.

With regard to the serial position effect, the primacy effect refers to the superior recall of words presented at/in the _________________ of the list.

When studying the sections of a chapter, Susan notices that her best recall is of the sections she studies last. Her recall of the information learnt just before testing herself is known as the __________ effect.

The capacity of _____________ memory appears to be unlimited.

Words at the end of a list are typically remembered better than words presented in the middle. This is known as the _ effect and it presumably happens because the last few words on the list remain in the memory.

When learning math tables for a test the following day, a student repeats the tables to themselves, applying a process known as __________.

The recency effect is thought to occur because words at the end of the list ____________.

People's tendency to remember words at the beginning and end of a list better than words presented in the middle of the list is called the ____________.

The intentional processing of information that requires conscious attention is called ________________ processing.

If you were asked the geographic relationship between your school and Norway, you would likely retrieve a mental world map for use in the _______________ to derive your answer.

The serial position effect predicts _____________ between the serial position of a word in a list and the likelihood that the word will be recalled.

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of the phonological loop?

Making a grocery list and taking notes for a class are both examples of ____________, which refers to encoding that is initiated intentionally and requires conscious attention.

Although the __ effect is thought to be a result of the early transfer of information to long-term memory, the _ effect appears to be a result of information remaining in short-term memory.

The component of working memory that provides a temporary storage place where information from the phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad are integrated is called the _____________ component.

Assume that you are presented with a list of 15 random words. Immediately after the list has been presented, you are asked to recall as many words as you can. Research has shown that you will tend to remember words presented ____________.

When taking an exam, you need to retrieve information from ____________ memory to answer the questions.