Question 1

In __________ psychotherapy, therapists use the research literature to find the best way to treat a specific disorder; using a(n) _________ approach, therapists blend a variety of techniques to treat an individual's disorder.

Accepted Answer

Empirically supported psychotherapy involves using treatments that research has shown to be effective for specific disorders. An eclectic approach means combining methods from different therapeutic traditions to best suit the individual's needs.

Question 2

Concerning the effectiveness of antidepressant drugs, which of the following statements is true

Accepted Answer

The answer of Concerning the effectiveness of antidepressant drugs, which...

Question 3

According to your text, psychotropic drugs seem to be less helpful for:

Accepted Answer

Psychotropic drugs are generally less effective for phobic disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder compared to other mental health conditions.

Question 4

Since the advent of federal legislation in the 1970s, blood-lead levels among children have fallen by about _____%.

Accepted Answer

Since the 1970s, federal legislation aimed at reducing lead exposure, such as the removal of lead from gasoline and paint, has significantly decreased blood-lead levels in children by about 80%.

Question 5

Which of the following is true with respect to the potential benefits of drug therapy

Accepted Answer

Both statements A and B are true. The placebo effect can account for some of the improvements seen in drug therapy, indicating that not all observed benefits are directly attributable to the pharmacological action of the drug. Additionally, psychological medications are often effective in the short term, providing immediate relief or improvement in symptoms, though their long-term efficacy can vary and is not guaranteed for all medications or conditions.

Question 6

With respect to the treatment of mood and anxiety disorders, researchers have compared brief to longer-term psychoanalysis; humanistic to psychodynamic therapy; and cognitive therapy to drug therapy. These comparisons are examples of:

Accepted Answer

These comparisons are examples of outcome research, which investigates the effectiveness of different treatments or interventions in producing desired outcomes, such as improvements in mood and anxiety disorders.

Question 7

An outcome study includes three groups of depressed clients. Group I receives an SSRI along with cognitive therapy. Group II receives only an SSRI. Finally, Group III receives a placebo. All groups complete a paper-and-pencil inventory of depressive symptoms both at the outset of the study and at its conclusion. Depressive symptoms are reduced among all three groups. However, the reduction is greater for Group I than for Group II, and for Group II as compared to Group III. Which of the following conclusions is INCORRECT

Accepted Answer

The incorrect conclusion is that the difference between Groups I and II reflects a nonspecific treatment effect. This statement is incorrect because the difference is likely due to the specific effect of cognitive therapy added to the SSRI treatment in Group I, not a nonspecific effect.

Question 8

A research technique in which the results of many studies are combined is known as:

Accepted Answer

Meta-analysis is a statistical technique for combining the findings from independent studies to determine the overall trend or effect.

Question 9

Empirically supported therapies include each of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic therapy for generalized anxiety disorder is not empirically supported to the same extent as the other options. Behavior modification, cognitive-behavioral therapy for bulimia, and cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression have strong empirical support demonstrating their effectiveness.

Question 10

The __________ is a statistical measure of the effectiveness of psychological treatment.

Accepted Answer

Effect size is a statistical concept that quantifies the difference between two groups' means in comparison to the variability of the groups. In the context of psychological treatment, it measures the effectiveness of the treatment by indicating how much change can be attributed to the intervention compared to a control or comparison condition.

Question 11

Which threat to the validity of outcome research is correctly paired with an appropriate keyword

Accepted Answer

Placebo effects are indeed related to the expectations of the participants regarding the treatment they receive, which can influence the outcomes of research.

Question 12

With respect to the effectiveness of psychological therapy, which of the following alternatives is most accurate

Accepted Answer

Research in psychology has consistently shown that psychological therapy is effective, and a significant portion of its effectiveness is due to nonspecific treatment effects, such as the therapeutic alliance, empathy, and the expectation of help, rather than the specific techniques or theoretical orientation of the therapist.

Question 13

In outcome research, the dependent variable is usually the type of treatment clients receive for psychological disorders.

Accepted Answer

In outcome research, the dependent variable is typically the outcome or effect of the treatment, such as changes in symptoms or overall functioning, not the type of treatment itself.

Question 14

According to your text, which type(s) of psychotropic medication(s) are especially ill-advised for pregnant clients

Accepted Answer

Benzodiazepines and SSRIs are generally considered ill-advised for pregnant clients due to potential risks to the fetus, including withdrawal symptoms and developmental issues.

Question 15

Which alternative correctly arranges the broad approaches to psychological treatment with respect to the extent to which their effectiveness has been examined empirically, from the least investigation to the most investigation

Accepted Answer

Social-community approaches have been the least empirically investigated, followed by biomedical therapies, with psychological therapy being the most empirically examined.

Question 16

Cognitive-behavioral therapy offers empirically supported treatment for a number of disorders.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based approach that has been scientifically proven to be effective in treating a variety of psychological disorders, including depression, anxiety, PTSD, and eating disorders, among others.

Question 17

Therapies that are known to be effective on the basis of research are termed ___________ therapies.

Accepted Answer

Empirically supported therapies are those that have been proven effective through scientific research.

Question 18

Factors that might discourage the use of medications for psychological disorders include each of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Most drugs prescribed for psychological disorders are researched and have been found to be effective for their intended use, at least in the short term. The statement that most drugs are only minimally effective, even in the short term, is not accurate and does not represent a reason that might discourage the use of medications for psychological disorders.

Question 19

In a study of the treatment of social anxiety disorder, Herbert et al. (2005) compared the effectiveness of CBT alone to the effectiveness of CBT combined with social skills training. What did Herbert et al. find What might their study be called

Accepted Answer

Herbert et al. found that CBT combined with social skills training was more effective than CBT alone, and their study is an example of outcome research, which evaluates the effectiveness of treatment interventions.

Question 20

Based on your text's discussion, which of the following is probably NOT a key ingredient of effective therapy

Accepted Answer

A clear theoretical perspective is not necessarily a key ingredient of effective therapy. Effective therapy can be achieved through various theoretical approaches, and the specific approach is less important than factors like the therapeutic alliance, providing hope, and fostering self-reflection.

Quiz 14: Treating Psychological Disorders

In __ psychotherapy, therapists use the research literature to find the best way to treat a specific disorder; using a(n) _ approach, therapists blend a variety of techniques to treat an individual's disorder.