Question 1

Which of the following describes the individual difference measure of Authoritarianism

Accepted Answer

Authoritarianism is characterized by a belief in strict obedience to authority, conventionalism, and an intolerance of outgroups, which aligns with the description in option A. This includes a tendency towards superstition and an obsession with sexual norms, reflecting a conservative and rigid mindset.

Question 2

With respect to the Big five personality dimensions, presidential success is associated:

Accepted Answer

Presidential success is often associated with high openness, which relates to creativity and adaptability, and low agreeableness, which can be linked to assertiveness and competitiveness.

Question 3

Which of the Big Five personality dimensions also appeared in Eysenck's theory

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the Big Five personality dimensions...

Question 4

Pearl is gentle, cooperative, trusting, and helpful. Ruby is outgoing, talkative, fun-loving, and affectionate. Pearl probably scores high on the Big Five dimension of _____, whereas Ruby likely scores high on _____.

Accepted Answer

Pearl's characteristics suggest high agreeableness, while Ruby's traits align with high extraversion, according to the Big Five personality dimensions.

Question 5

________ trait is to source trait as Allport is to _________.

Accepted Answer

Allport introduced the concept of central and cardinal traits, while Cattell is known for his theory that involves source traits.

Question 6

Recall the discussion of theories in your text's research methods section. The Big Five model of personality is a good theory because it is

Accepted Answer

The Big Five model of personality is considered a good theory because it is parsimonious, meaning it explains a wide range of observations in a simple, concise manner.

Question 7

Which of the following specific traits is CORRECTLY paired with a description in terms of the Big Five dimensions

Accepted Answer

Imaginative individuals are typically associated with high levels of openness, one of the Big Five personality traits. Openness involves a willingness to try new things, think creatively, and embrace novel experiences, which aligns with being imaginative.

Question 8

The "Big Five" personality dimensions demonstrate:

Accepted Answer

The "Big Five" personality dimensions, which include openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism, have shown predictive validity in forecasting various life outcomes, cross-cultural generality by being applicable across different cultures, and clinical significance in understanding and treating psychological disorders.

Question 9

A graduate student is using a statistical software package to identify the relationships among many personality traits and to isolate the basic dimensions. She is performing _________ analysis.

Accepted Answer

Factor analysis is used to identify the underlying relationships among many variables (in this case, personality traits) and to reduce them to a smaller number of factors or basic dimensions.

Question 10

Which of the following describes the individual difference measure of self-consciousness

Accepted Answer

Self-consciousness refers to the tendency of individuals to reflect on and examine their own inner thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. This involves a heightened awareness of oneself, often leading to introspection and self-evaluation.

Question 11

Which of the following describes the Five-Factor model dimension of neuroticism

Accepted Answer

The Five-Factor Model, also known as the Big Five personality traits, includes neuroticism as one of its dimensions. Neuroticism is characterized by a tendency to experience negative emotions, such as anxiety, anger, or depression, more frequently and intensely than others. This contrasts with traits like openness to experience (A), conscientiousness (B), and extraversion (C), which are characterized by different sets of behaviors and emotional tendencies.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT one of the "Big Five" personality dimensions

Accepted Answer

The "Big Five" personality dimensions include extraversion, openness, neuroticism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Psychoticism is not part of the Big Five model; it is instead associated with Eysenck's personality theory.

Question 13

The "Big Five": what am I talking about

Accepted Answer

The "Big Five" refers to five key personality factors: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism, which are used in psychology to describe human personality.

Question 14

Which of the following describes the individual difference measure of self-efficacy

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their capacity to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments. It reflects confidence in the ability to exert control over one's own motivation, behavior, and social environment.

Question 15

Carlos is emotionally unstable, insecure, anxious, and moody. Quinn is disorganized, spontaneous, and impulsive. Johann is quiet, serious, and somewhat timid. Finally, Kristy is imaginative, independent, and fond of variety. Which of these individuals is CORRECTLY matched with a Big Five personality description

Accepted Answer

Quinn's traits of being disorganized, spontaneous, and impulsive align with low conscientiousness, which is characterized by a lack of organization, carefulness, and discipline.

Question 16

Garner is imaginative, curious, and interested in new ideas. Brandy is conventional, down-to-earth, and has limited interests. It is likely that Garner scores high while Brandy scores low on the Big Five personality dimension of ________.

Accepted Answer

Openness is the Big Five personality dimension that involves appreciation for art, emotion, adventure, unusual ideas, curiosity, and variety of experience. Garner's traits of being imaginative, curious, and interested in new ideas suggest high openness, while Brandy's conventional and down-to-earth nature with limited interests suggests low openness.

Question 17

According to your text, "a pattern of high conscientiousness, low neuroticism, and high agreeableness predicts successful job performance." This statement supports the ________ of measures of the Big Five personality dimensions.

Accepted Answer

The statement supports the validity of measures of the Big Five personality dimensions because it indicates that these measures can successfully predict job performance, which is a key aspect of their intended purpose. Validity refers to the extent to which a concept, conclusion, or measurement is well-founded and corresponds accurately to the real world.

Question 18

Which of the following describes the individual difference measure of Need for cognition

Accepted Answer

Need for cognition is a psychological trait that describes the extent to which individuals enjoy engaging in and are motivated by thinking, problem-solving, and the exploration of complex ideas.

Question 19

An all-consuming need for power is sometimes known as Machiavellianism. Because the trait is named in his honor, it would be reasonable to suppose that the need for power was a ________ trait for the Italian prince.

Accepted Answer

A cardinal trait is a dominant trait that characterizes almost all of a person's behavior, and Machiavellianism is often considered a cardinal trait for those who exhibit it.

Question 20

Which of the following sequences CORRECTLY arranges Allport's trait categories from the MOST SPECIFIC to the BROADEST

Accepted Answer

Allport's trait categories are arranged from most specific to broadest as secondary, central, and cardinal traits.

Quiz 12: Personality