Question 1

Which of the following defines sleep apnea

Accepted Answer

Sleep apnea is characterized by difficulty breathing during sleep, which can lead to multiple awakenings and a decrease in sleep quality.

Question 2

REM sleep is sometimes called "active sleep" for all the following reasons EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The activity of skeletal muscles decreases during REM sleep, which is why it is also called "paradoxical sleep."

Question 3

The deepest level of sleep is

Accepted Answer

Stage N3, also known as slow-wave sleep or delta sleep, is considered the deepest level of non-REM sleep. It is during this stage that the body repairs and regrows tissues, builds bone and muscle, and strengthens the immune system.

Question 4

Brief periods of 'spiky' brain wave patterns called sleep spindles are characteristic of ____ sleep.

Accepted Answer

Sleep spindles are characteristic of N2 sleep, indicating a deeper stage of sleep than N1 and not as deep as N3, which is characterized by delta waves.

Question 5

The slowest wave sleep is characteristic of

Accepted Answer

Stage N3, also known as deep sleep or slow-wave sleep, is characterized by the slowest brain waves during the sleep cycle.

Question 6

How do successive REM periods change as the night progresses

Accepted Answer

Successive REM periods tend to become longer as the night progresses, and the dreams experienced during these periods often become more elaborate and vivid. This pattern is observed in the structure of sleep cycles throughout the night, where REM sleep occupies a larger proportion of the cycle in the later parts of the sleep period.

Question 7

Which of the following sleep disorders or disturbances is more common among children than among adults

Accepted Answer

Sleep terrors and somnambulism (sleepwalking) are more common in children than in adults, often decreasing in frequency with age. REM sleep behavior disorders are more typically seen in older adults.

Question 8

Which sleep disturbance is INCORRECTLY matched with a description

Accepted Answer

REM sleep behavior disorder is characterized by the act of physically acting out vivid, often unpleasant dreams with vocal sounds and sudden, violent arm and leg movements during REM sleep phases, not specifically intense panic or its prevalence in children. This description more closely aligns with night terrors.

Question 9

As sleepers enter deeper sleep stages, their brain waves:

Accepted Answer

As sleepers enter deeper sleep stages, their brain waves decrease in frequency, indicating a transition to slower, more synchronized patterns typical of deep sleep.

Question 10

Macy is a newborn; Laurel is a preschooler; and Maddie is an elementary-school student. Ideally, Macy sleeps ______ hours per day. Laurel sleeps _______ hours each day. Finally, Maddie prefers _______ hours of sleep each night.

Accepted Answer

Newborns like Macy typically need about 16 hours of sleep per day. Preschoolers like Laurel need about 10 hours of sleep each day, and elementary-school students like Maddie generally need about 9 hours of sleep each night.

Question 11

Four-year old DeMarcus falls asleep shortly after his 8:30 p.m. bedtime. At about 9:45, he suddenly sits up in bed, breathing rapidly and appearing to be in a state of sheer panic. DeMarcus is probably experiencing:

Accepted Answer

DeMarcus is likely experiencing sleep terrors, a type of sleep disorder that occurs during non-REM sleep, characterized by episodes of intense fear, screaming, or even sitting up in bed, without any recollection of the event the next morning.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a recommended solution if one has trouble sleeping

Accepted Answer

Taking sleeping pills is generally not recommended as a first-line solution for trouble sleeping due to potential dependence and side effects. Other methods like avoiding caffeine, exercising, and not taking naps are more sustainable and healthier ways to improve sleep.

Question 13

Which alternative correctly pairs a sleep stage with a description of its corresponding brain activity

Accepted Answer

During the N3 stage of sleep, also known as deep sleep or slow-wave sleep, delta waves are predominant. Delta waves are high amplitude brain waves with a frequency of 0.5–2 Hz, indicative of the deepest stages of sleep.

Question 14

At-risk groups for sleep apnea include each of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Young children are generally not considered an at-risk group for sleep apnea compared to older adults, men, and obese individuals. Sleep apnea is more commonly associated with older age, male gender, and obesity due to factors like physical anatomy, hormonal differences, and fat distribution.

Question 15

REM sleep is paradoxical because:

Accepted Answer

During REM sleep, the brain is highly active and resembles the activity seen during awake periods, but the body experiences muscle atonia, a state of paralysis that prevents the body from acting out dreams. This paradoxical combination of high brain activity and muscle paralysis is what makes REM sleep unique and paradoxical. B, C, and D are not accurate descriptions of REM sleep.

Question 16

With respect to its negative effects on driving, getting less than 6 hours of sleep each night is equivalent to a blood alcohol level of:

Accepted Answer

Getting less than 6 hours of sleep each night is equivalent to a blood alcohol level of .05.

Question 17

According to your text, how many Americans suffer from insomnia

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to your text, how many Americans...

Question 18

Which of the following defines narcolepsy

Accepted Answer

Narcolepsy is characterized by extreme daytime sleepiness and sudden attacks of sleep, making option B the correct definition.

Question 19

According to your text, humans should ideally sleep about _______ hours each night. In reality, though, Americans average about ______ hours of sleep each night.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to your text, humans should ideally...

Question 20

Adults spend about one-quarter of their sleep in ________. They spend about half their sleep time in _________.

Accepted Answer

Adults spend about one-quarter of their sleep in REM sleep and about half their sleep time in stage N2. Stage N2 is a part of non-REM sleep that is deeper than stage N1 and occupies the majority of the sleep cycle.

Quiz 5: States of Consciousness