Question 1

The relationship between two variables may be depicted using a scatterplot

Accepted Answer

A scatterplot visually represents the relationship between two quantitative variables, showing how one variable is affected by the other.

Question 2

Professors Chase and Sanborn are conducting an experiment on the effects of caffeine on memory. Participants are randomly assigned to a caffeine or a no-caffeine group and their recall of items on a word list is later assessed. Which pair correctly identifies a variable in this experiment

Accepted Answer

The independent variable is the variable that is manipulated by the researchers, which in this case is caffeine (participants are either given caffeine or not). The effect of this manipulation on memory is then measured, making caffeine the independent variable.

Question 3

The mode is the score in the center of a data distribution.

Accepted Answer

The mode is the value that appears most frequently in a data set, not necessarily the center.

Question 4

Professors Chase and Sanborn are conducting an experiment on the effects of caffeine on memory. Participants are randomly assigned to a caffeine or a no-caffeine group and their recall of items on a word list is later assessed. Which pair correctly identifies a variable in this experiment

Accepted Answer

Caffeine is the independent variable because it is the condition that the researchers manipulate to observe its effect on memory recall.

Question 5

The height and weight of people are positively correlated.

Accepted Answer

Height and weight of people are positively correlated because, generally, as height increases, weight also tends to increase.

Question 6

_________ research includes naturalistic observation, survey research, and the case study method.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _________ research includes naturalistic observation, survey research,...

Question 7

In an experiment, the __________ variable is measured by the researcher.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In an experiment, the __________ variable is...

Question 8

The aim of descriptive research is to discover relationships among variables.

Accepted Answer

Descriptive research is primarily concerned with describing characteristics of a population or phenomenon being studied, not with discovering relationships among variables.

Question 9

Professors Chase and Sanborn are conducting an experiment on the effects of caffeine on memory. Participants are randomly assigned to a caffeine or a no-caffeine group and their recall of items on a word list is later assessed. Which pair below correctly names and identifies the variables in this experiment

Accepted Answer

Word recall is the dependent variable because it is the outcome being measured and is expected to change based on the independent variable, which is caffeine. The independent variable, caffeine, is manipulated by the researchers to observe its effect on word recall.

Question 10

Dr. Leblanc is examining interactions among primates in the wild; he does not intervene. Dr. Leblanc is performing __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr. Leblanc is examining interactions among primates...

Question 11

Among a sample of middle-school students, Dr. Dyer finds a correlation of -.60 between the time children spend outside each week and their scores on an index of depression. Each of the following interpretations is consistent with this data EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The correct interpretation of a correlation of -.60 is that there is a negative relationship between the two variables, meaning as one increases, the other tends to decrease. However, this correlation does not imply a perfect relationship (-1 or 1 would indicate a perfect correlation), making option D incorrect. Options A, B, and C are all plausible interpretations that do not assume a perfect correlation.

Question 12

In an experiment, the __________ variable is deliberately manipulated by the researcher.

Accepted Answer

The independent variable is the one that is manipulated or changed by the researcher to observe its effects on the dependent variable.

Question 13

The mean is the most common measure of central tendency.

Accepted Answer

The mean, or average, is the most commonly used measure of central tendency because it takes into account all values in the dataset, making it a useful general indicator of the data's center.

Question 14

The Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding asks respondents 20 questions about their attitudes and behavior. It is probably most often used in __________ research.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding asks...

Question 15

In an experiment, the independent variable is manipulated by the experimenter.

Accepted Answer

The independent variable is the one that is changed or controlled by the experimenter to test its effects on the dependent variable.

Question 16

Which of the following sequences of correlation coefficients correctly arranges the relationships between three pairs of two variables in order of increasing strength

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following sequences of correlation...

Question 17

Dr. Swanson finds a correlation of .45 between scores on a measure of job satisfaction and scores on a measure of job performance. Which of the following might Dr. Swanson legitimately conclude on the basis of this coefficient alone

Accepted Answer

A correlation of .45 indicates a positive relationship between job satisfaction and job performance, meaning as one increases, so does the other. However, correlation does not imply causation, so it cannot be concluded that one causes the other, only that they vary together.

Question 18

A sample contains a population.

Accepted Answer

A sample is a subset of a population, not the population itself.

Question 19

The purpose of random assignment is to:

Accepted Answer

Random assignment is used to ensure that participant characteristics are distributed equally across different conditions or groups in an experiment, which helps in controlling for confounding variables and allows for causal inferences to be made more confidently.

Question 20

Dr. Ingram deliberately systematically manipulated the number of items on a list and later measured participants' recall of the items. Dr. Ingram conducted a(n) ___________ study.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Ingram conducted an experimental study because she manipulated a variable (the number of items on a list) to see its effect on another variable (participants' recall), which is a hallmark of experimental research.

Quiz 2: Psychological Science

The relationship between two variables may be depicted using a scatterplot

Professors Chase and Sanborn are conducting an experiment on the effects of caffeine on memory. Participants are randomly assigned to a caffeine or a no-caffeine group and their recall of items on a word list is later assessed. Which pair correctly identifies a variable in this experiment

The mode is the score in the center of a data distribution.

Professors Chase and Sanborn are conducting an experiment on the effects of caffeine on memory. Participants are randomly assigned to a caffeine or a no-caffeine group and their recall of items on a word list is later assessed. Which pair correctly identifies a variable in this experiment

The height and weight of people are positively correlated.

_________ research includes naturalistic observation, survey research, and the case study method.

In an experiment, the __________ variable is measured by the researcher.

The aim of descriptive research is to discover relationships among variables.

Dr. Leblanc is examining interactions among primates in the wild; he does not intervene. Dr. Leblanc is performing __________.

Among a sample of middle-school students, Dr. Dyer finds a correlation of -.60 between the time children spend outside each week and their scores on an index of depression. Each of the following interpretations is consistent with this data EXCEPT:

In an experiment, the __________ variable is deliberately manipulated by the researcher.

The mean is the most common measure of central tendency.

The Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding asks respondents 20 questions about their attitudes and behavior. It is probably most often used in __________ research.

In an experiment, the independent variable is manipulated by the experimenter.

Which of the following sequences of correlation coefficients correctly arranges the relationships between three pairs of two variables in order of increasing strength

Dr. Swanson finds a correlation of .45 between scores on a measure of job satisfaction and scores on a measure of job performance. Which of the following might Dr. Swanson legitimately conclude on the basis of this coefficient alone

A sample contains a population.

The purpose of random assignment is to:

Dr. Ingram deliberately systematically manipulated the number of items on a list and later measured participants' recall of the items. Dr. Ingram conducted a(n) ___________ study.