Question 1

Match the correct pathologic indication of the pediatric skeletal system and abdomen to the definition.(Use each choice only once.)
-A congenital condition of the large intestine in which nerves controlling rhythmic contractions are missing

Accepted Answer

Hirschsprung disease is a congenital condition of the large intestine in which nerves controlling rhythmic contractions are missing.

Answer: C
 Necrotizing enterocolitis is a pathologic indication of the pediatric abdomen characterized by the death of intestine tissue due to inflammation and infection.

Answer: A
 Köhler bone disease is a pathologic indication of the pediatric skeletal system and is characterized by temporary loss of blood supply to the navicular bone in the foot.

Answer: B
 Spinal bifida occulta is a congenital condition of the spine in which a small gap in the bones of the spine is present.

Answer: F
 Atresia (or clausura) is a pathologic indication of the pediatric abdomen characterized by the absence or closure of a natural passage or opening in the body.

Answer: E
 Osgood-Schlatter disease is a pathologic indication of the pediatric skeletal system characterized by inflammation of the patellar ligament at the tibial tuberosity.

Question 2

MATCHING
Match the correct pathologic indication of the pediatric chest to the following definitions.(Use each choice only once.)
-An emergency type of condition in newborns in which the alveoli and capillaries of the lungs are injured or infected,creating leakage of fluid into the alveoli; demonstrated radiographically by granular pattern of increased densities

Accepted Answer

Hyaline membrane disease is a common lung disease in premature infants caused by underdeveloped lungs and lack of surfactant production. It is characterized by a granular pattern of increased densities on chest x-ray due to leakage of fluid into the alveoli.

Answer: C
 Croup is a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract that causes inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi. It can cause narrowing of the airways and a characteristic barking cough.

Answer: A
 Atelectasis is the collapse of lung tissue due to obstruction or compression of a bronchus, leading to partial or complete collapse of lung lobes. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including infection, mucous plugs, or post-surgical complications.

Answer: E
 Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that affects the secretory glands, causing thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lungs, pancreas, and other organs. It can lead to recurrent lung infections and progressive lung damage.

Answer: F
 Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung disease characterized by abnormal and irreversible dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including infections, immune deficiencies, or genetic disorders.

Answer: B
 Cretinism is a thyroid gland disorder that causes stunted growth and intellectual disability in infants and young children. It can also cause respiratory distress due to enlarged thyroid gland. However, it is not a specific chest pathology.

Question 3

Match the correct pathologic indication of the pediatric skeletal system and abdomen to the definition.(Use each choice only once.)
-An inflammation of navicular bone of foot; lasts up to 2 years,most common in 3- to 5-year-old boys

Accepted Answer

The inflammation of the navicular bone of the foot that lasts up to 2 years and is most common in 3- to 5-year-old boys is known as Köhler bone disease.

Answer: E
 Osgood-Schlatter disease is a pathologic indication of the pediatric skeletal system, characterized by inflammation of the patellar tendon attachment to the tibial tuberosity, which is most common in active adolescents.

Answer: C
 Necrotizing enterocolitis is a pathologic indication of the pediatric abdomen, characterized by inflammation and necrosis of the intestinal mucosa in premature infants.

Answer: D
 Hirschsprung disease is a pathologic indication of the pediatric abdomen, characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the rectum and colon, leading to functional obstruction of the intestine.

Incorrect option: 
Option F does not have any definition to match with.

Question 4

MATCHING
Match the correct pathologic indication of the pediatric chest to the following definitions.(Use each choice only once.)
-Neonate hypothyroidism with slowed bone growth or possible dwarfism

Accepted Answer

Cretinism is a thyroid gland disorder that can cause slowed bone growth or possible dwarfism in neonates.

Answer: D
 Hyaline membrane disease is a lung condition that occurs in premature infants and can cause atelectasis (partial or complete collapse of the lungs).

Answer: C
 Croup is a respiratory infection in children that can cause inflammation of the airways, leading to a harsh, barking cough.

Answer: E
 Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that affects the lungs and other organs, leading to chronic infections, inflammation, and damage to the airways.

Answer: F
 Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition that causes the airways to become widened, scarred, and damaged over time.

Question 5

MATCHING
Match the correct pathologic indication of the pediatric chest to the following definitions.(Use each choice only once.)
-An inherited disease with progressive heavy mucus blocking the bronchi; demonstrated by increased radiodensities in specific lung regions

Accepted Answer

Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease that causes heavy mucus to block the bronchi, leading to increased radiodensities in specific lung regions.

Answer: D
 Hyaline membrane disease, also known as respiratory distress syndrome, is a condition in premature infants where there is a lack of surfactant in the lungs, leading to collapsed lung tissue.

Answer: C
 Croup is a viral respiratory infection in young children that causes inflammation in the upper airway, leading to a barking cough and difficulty breathing. It does not typically result in any noticeable radiologic changes in the chest.

Note: None of the other choices listed are specific pathologic indications of the pediatric chest, although they may be seen in imaging studies or as part of a differential diagnosis.

Question 6

Match the correct pathologic indication of the pediatric skeletal system and abdomen to the definition.(Use each choice only once.)
-A congenital condition in which there is an absence of an opening to an organ that requires surgical intervention

Accepted Answer

Atresia (or clausura) refers to a congenital condition in which there is an absence of an opening to an organ that requires surgical intervention, such as in cases of intestinal or esophageal atresia.

Answer: D 
 Hirschsprung disease is a congenital condition in which there is a lack of nerve cells in the large intestine, leading to difficulty passing stool and requiring surgical intervention.

Answer: C 
 Necrotizing enterocolitis is a condition in which the intestinal lining becomes damaged and dies, leading to inflammation, infection, and potentially life-threatening complications.

Answer: B 
 Spinal bifida occulta is a congenital condition in which the spinal cord does not develop properly, leading to a range of potential symptoms and complications.

Answer: A 
 Köhler bone disease is a relatively common condition in children where a bone in the foot becomes inflamed and swollen, leading to pain and discomfort.

Answer: E 
 Osgood-Schlatter disease is a condition in which the patellar tendon becomes inflamed and painful, typically affecting adolescent boys who are physically active.

Question 7

Match the correct pathologic indication of the pediatric skeletal system and abdomen to the definition.(Use each choice only once.)
-An inflammation at the tibial tuberosity,most common in 5- to 10-year-old boys

Accepted Answer

Inflammation at the tibial tuberosity is characteristic of Osgood-Schlatter disease, which typically affects 5- to 10-year-old boys during a growth spurt.

Answer: D
 Hirschsprung disease is a congenital disorder that affects the colon and causes obstruction and dilation of the bowel, resulting in symptoms such as constipation, abdominal distension, and vomiting.

Answer: F
 Atresia (or clausura) refers to the absence or closure of a normal body opening or tubular structure, and can occur in the digestive system or other organs. In the context of the pediatric abdomen, it typically refers to a blockage or closure of the intestines that can lead to bowel obstruction and require surgical intervention.

Note: The other conditions listed are not specific to the pediatric skeletal system or abdomen, or do not match the given definition. Köhler bone disease refers to avascular necrosis of the navicular bone in the foot, while Spinal bifida occulta is a form of spinal cord defect that may not cause any symptoms. Necrotizing enterocolitis is a serious disease affecting premature infants and can cause inflammation and tissue death in the intestines.

Question 8

Match the correct pathologic indication of the pediatric skeletal system and abdomen to the definition.(Use each choice only once.)
-A mild form of a defect of the posterior arch of L5-S1 vertebrae

Accepted Answer

Spinal bifida occulta is a mild form of defect of the posterior arch of L5-S1 vertebrae.

Answer: C
 Necrotizing enterocolitis is a pathologic indication of the pediatric abdomen, characterized by the death of intestinal tissue in premature or sick infants.

Answer: D
 Hirschsprung disease is a pathologic indication of the pediatric abdomen, in which the nerves in the colon do not develop properly, leading to constipation and other issues.

Answer: E
 Osgood-Schlatter disease is a pathologic indication of the pediatric skeletal system, characterized by pain and inflammation at the site of the tibial tuberosity where the patellar tendon inserts.

Answer: F
 Atresia (or clausura) is a pathologic indication of the pediatric abdomen, characterized by a blockage or absence of a normal opening or tubular structure in the body.

Question 9

MATCHING
Match the correct pathologic indication of the pediatric chest to the following definitions.(Use each choice only once.)
-A condition of partial or complete collapse of a lung caused by an obstruction of the bronchus

Accepted Answer

Atelectasis is a condition of partial or complete collapse of a lung caused by an obstruction of the bronchus.

Answer: C
 Croup is a viral infection that causes inflammation of the upper airways, leading to a characteristic barking cough and respiratory distress.

Answer: D
 Hyaline membrane disease, also known as respiratory distress syndrome, is a condition in which the lungs of premature infants are deficient in a substance called surfactant, leading to difficulty breathing.

Answer: E
 Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that affects the lungs and other organs, causing thick, sticky mucus to build up, leading to recurrent infections and progressive lung damage.

Answer: F
 Bronchiectasis is a condition in which the walls of the airways in the lungs become thickened, leading to chronic cough, recurrent respiratory infections, and respiratory failure.

Question 10

Match the correct pathologic indication of the pediatric skeletal system and abdomen to the definition.(Use each choice only once.)
-An inflammation of the inner lining of the intestine that may lead to tissue death; most common in newborns

Accepted Answer

Necrotizing enterocolitis is an inflammation of the inner lining of the intestine that can lead to tissue death, and it is most commonly seen in newborns.

Answer: D
 Hirschsprung disease is a condition in which nerve cells are missing from the muscle layers of a baby's colon, leading to blockages.

Answer: F 
 Atresia (or clausura) is a condition where there is an absence or closure of a newborn's normal body opening, such as the anus or the esophagus.

Note: The other conditions listed are also pathologic indications that can occur in the pediatric skeletal system, but not in the abdomen, or vice versa.

Question 11

MATCHING
Match the correct pathologic indication of the pediatric chest to the following definitions.(Use each choice only once.)
-A condition of irreversible widening (dilation of the bronchi); frequently begins in early childhood (may require a slight increase in exposure factors)

Accepted Answer

Bronchiectasis is a condition of irreversible widening (dilation) of the bronchi, which typically begins in childhood.

Answer: D
 Hyaline membrane disease, also known as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), is a breathing disorder that predominantly affects premature infants.

Answer: C
 Croup is an acute respiratory infection that causes inflammation of the larynx and trachea, which leads to a barking cough, stridor, and respiratory distress.

Answer: A
 Atelectasis is a condition where there is partial or complete collapse of a lung or a lobe.

Answer: E
 Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disorder that primarily affects the lungs and digestive system.

Answer: B
 Cretinism refers to a congenital hypothyroidism characterized by severe mental retardation and developmental abnormalities.

Question 12

MATCHING
Match the correct pathologic indication of the pediatric chest to the following definitions.(Use each choice only once.)
-A condition of labored breathing and harsh dry cough caused by viral infection (most common in children ages 1 to 3 years)

Accepted Answer

Croup is a condition of labored breathing and harsh dry cough caused by viral infection (most common in children ages 1 to 3 years).

Answer: D
 Hyaline membrane disease is a respiratory distress syndrome that affects premature infants.

Answer: E
 Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lungs, leading to recurrent infections and progressive lung damage.

Quiz 16: Pediatric Radiography

Match the correct pathologic indication of the pediatric skeletal system and abdomen to the definition.(Use each choice only once.) -A congenital condition of the large intestine in which nerves controlling rhythmic contractions are missing

Match the correct pathologic indication of the pediatric skeletal system and abdomen to the definition.(Use each choice only once.) -An inflammation of navicular bone of foot; lasts up to 2 years,most common in 3- to 5-year-old boys

MATCHING Match the correct pathologic indication of the pediatric chest to the following definitions.(Use each choice only once.) -Neonate hypothyroidism with slowed bone growth or possible dwarfism

MATCHING Match the correct pathologic indication of the pediatric chest to the following definitions.(Use each choice only once.) -An inherited disease with progressive heavy mucus blocking the bronchi; demonstrated by increased radiodensities in specific lung regions

Match the correct pathologic indication of the pediatric skeletal system and abdomen to the definition.(Use each choice only once.) -A congenital condition in which there is an absence of an opening to an organ that requires surgical intervention

Match the correct pathologic indication of the pediatric skeletal system and abdomen to the definition.(Use each choice only once.) -An inflammation at the tibial tuberosity,most common in 5- to 10-year-old boys

Match the correct pathologic indication of the pediatric skeletal system and abdomen to the definition.(Use each choice only once.) -A mild form of a defect of the posterior arch of L5-S1 vertebrae

MATCHING Match the correct pathologic indication of the pediatric chest to the following definitions.(Use each choice only once.) -A condition of partial or complete collapse of a lung caused by an obstruction of the bronchus

Match the correct pathologic indication of the pediatric skeletal system and abdomen to the definition.(Use each choice only once.) -An inflammation of the inner lining of the intestine that may lead to tissue death; most common in newborns

MATCHING Match the correct pathologic indication of the pediatric chest to the following definitions.(Use each choice only once.) -A condition of irreversible widening (dilation of the bronchi) ; frequently begins in early childhood (may require a slight increase in exposure factors)

MATCHING Match the correct pathologic indication of the pediatric chest to the following definitions.(Use each choice only once.) -A condition of labored breathing and harsh dry cough caused by viral infection (most common in children ages 1 to 3 years)