Question 1

Information-processing theorists draw an analogy between the operations of a computer and the workings of the human mind.According to this view, what is the mind's hardware?

Accepted Answer

The mind's hardware, according to information-processing theorists, refers to the physical and structural components, such as the brain, sensory receptors, and their neural connections, similar to a computer's physical components.

Question 2

What is meant by the term metamemory?

Accepted Answer

Metamemory refers to an individual's knowledge about their own memory processes and abilities, and how to effectively use these processes to remember information. It encompasses understanding how memory works, recognizing one's own memory capabilities and limitations, and employing strategies to enhance memory performance.

Question 3

Piaget's theory of conservation was extended by whose connectionist work on cascade correlations?

Accepted Answer

Tom Shultz extended Piaget's theory of conservation through his connectionist work on cascade correlations. Shultz's research involved the development of neural network models to explain how children learn and understand the concept of conservation, aligning with Piaget's stages of cognitive development.

Question 4

As Pearl was introduced to the seven partners of her new law firm, she silently repeated all the names to herself, in order.What strategy was Pearl using to remember the names?

Accepted Answer

Pearl was using rehearsal, a cognitive strategy involving the repetition of information to keep it in short-term memory or to encode it for long-term memory, to remember the names.

Question 5

All the children in James's class have been asked to learn facts about animals.James chose to learn the facts by asking himself why each of the facts would be true for that particular animal.Which memory strategy is James using?

Accepted Answer

Elaborative interrogation is a memory strategy that involves asking "why" questions about the material being learned, which helps in creating connections between new information and existing knowledge. James is using this strategy by asking why each fact would be true for a particular animal, thereby enhancing his understanding and memory of the facts.

Question 6

Which of the following best characterizes the process of rehearsal?

Accepted Answer

Rehearsal is primarily about the internal repetition of information within the short-term memory to aid in its retention and potential transfer to long-term memory. This process helps in keeping information active and accessible in the short-term store.

Question 7

Drew is demonstrating a new computer program to his younger sister.What type of memory would Drew need to use as he shows her how to open the application and create a file?

Accepted Answer

Strategic memory is used for planning and executing tasks, such as demonstrating how to use a computer program.

Question 8

The process of elaborative interrogation encourages learners to do which of the following to enhance their performance?

Accepted Answer

Elaborative interrogation is a study strategy that involves asking how and why questions in order to connect new information to prior knowledge, enhancing understanding and memory retention.

Question 9

When do children first show evidence of metamemory?

Accepted Answer

During the preschool years, children begin to understand that some tasks are easier to remember than others, indicating the early development of metamemory. This understanding reflects their growing awareness of memory processes.

Question 10

According to recent research regarding knowledge base and memory, which strategy should you employ to learn the most from a university lecture?

Accepted Answer

Reading material related to the lecture before class helps in creating a framework in your mind, which makes it easier to understand, organize, and elaborate on the information presented during the lecture. This pre-exposure primes your memory and comprehension, enhancing learning and retention.

Question 11

Age-related improvements in which tasks are so reliable that this skill is among those that are assessed in children's intelligence tests?

Accepted Answer

Memory span is a reliable indicator of cognitive development and is commonly assessed in children's intelligence tests to measure working memory capacity.

Question 12

According to the research of Bisanz, what is the most important constraint to developing mathematical competence?

Accepted Answer

Bisanz's research highlights working memory as a crucial constraint in the development of mathematical competence, emphasizing its role in holding and manipulating information during complex cognitive tasks.

Question 13

The capacity of which of the following is referred to as the span of apprehension?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The capacity of which of the following...

Question 14

Which researchers would implicate working memory as an important constraint in the acquisition of mathematical concepts?

Accepted Answer

Case and Bisanz have conducted research that implicates working memory as a significant constraint in the acquisition of mathematical concepts, focusing on how cognitive development influences mathematical understanding.

Question 15

What type of deficiency occurs when a child fails to benefit from an effective strategy that he or she has generated spontaneously?

Accepted Answer

Utilization deficiency occurs when a child fails to benefit from an effective strategy that he or she has generated spontaneously, indicating a gap between strategy generation and its effective use.

Question 16

Memory span refers to the number of rapidly presented, unrelated items that can be recalled in which way?

Accepted Answer

Memory span typically refers to the number of items a person can recall in the exact order of presentation, reflecting the capacity of immediate memory.

Question 17

Of the following educational strategies, which would most likely be supported by an information-processing theorist?

Accepted Answer

Information-processing theorists emphasize the importance of understanding how information is processed and stored in the mind. Encouraging children to participate in strategic memory games that are fun would align with this perspective by focusing on enhancing cognitive processes such as memory and attention in an engaging way.

Question 18

Which memory strategy typically develops last in children?

Accepted Answer

Elaboration, which involves creating a relationship, or a series of links, between two or more items that do not belong to the same category, typically develops last in children. This strategy is more complex and requires higher cognitive skills compared to rehearsal, semantic organization, and labeling objects, which are simpler and develop earlier.

Question 19

Mikhail is 6 years old and loves to play adventure video games, even though he finds some of them quite difficult.Yesterday, his older brother taught him how to help the hero escape when she was swallowed by a monster.Even though Mikhail has been shown what to do, he still forgets to apply this information and he loses the game.Mikhail's behaviour exemplifies which type of deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Mikhail's behavior exemplifies a production deficiency, where a child knows a strategy (in this case, how to help the hero escape) but fails to use it spontaneously when it is needed.

Question 20

Jaylene is a 2-year-old toddler.Although she knows that she should not touch her mother's books, she cannot seem to stop herself from doing so, despite the fact that she has been scolded on numerous occasions.How would an information theorist account for Jaylene's behaviour?

Accepted Answer

Jaylene's behavior can be explained by the concept of executing a predominant response, which in this context refers to her natural, impulsive action to touch the books despite knowing she should not. This is typical in toddlers who often act on impulse even when they understand rules.

Quiz 9: Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives and Connectionism