Question 1

List and describe each of Selman's stages of social perspective taking; indicating for each the relationship to the child's general stage of cognitive development.

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Question 2

How does one's culture affect the development of self-esteem? Describe the results of research that has addressed the differences in the development of self-esteem between individualistic and collectivist societies.

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Question 3

Contrast a mastery orientation with a learned-helplessness orientation, and provide an example to illustrate the difference between the two.

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Question 4

Outline how children's responses to the question "Who am I?" change from early childhood to middle childhood and adolescence.

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Question 5

How do attachment patterns differentiate between children in individualistic and collectivistic societies?

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Question 6

Describe how attributions related to incremental and entity views of ability change during the transition from the preschool years to the end of the elementary-school years.

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Question 7

Explain what is meant by a child's person perception and outline the development of this concept.

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Question 8

Identify and discuss three home influences that may have a strong impact on a child's achievement motivation, and also on his or her actual performance.

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Question 9

Give a detailed description of Harter's hierarchical model of self-esteem.

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Question 10

Outline the changes in children's views of friendships from the preschool years through to early adolescence.How might these changes depend on the sex of the child?

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Question 11

Discuss how the four central developmental themes of the textbook relate to the issues of social cognition and the development of the self.

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Question 12

Contrast the incremental view of ability with the entity view of ability, and give an example that illustrates the difference between the two.

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Question 13

Discuss the role that bullying plays in the development of self-esteem and how this effect can be prevented or reduced.

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Question 14

Briefly describe the origins and development of self-esteem.

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Question 15

Using Bowlby's working models theory of attachment, explain the development and expression of self-esteem in young children (4 to 5 years of age).

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Question 16

Describe the correlation between the nature of a child's primary attachment relationship and his or her overall level of self-esteem.

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Question 17

During middle childhood new dimensions of global self-esteem affect the self-appraisals of males and females in different ways.Identify and describe the factors associated with high and low self-esteem in both males and females as they reach the late elementary school years.

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Question 18

Describe how parents and peers can influence self-esteem in children and adolescents.

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Question 19

Explain what is meant by achievement motivation, and give a specific example to illustrate your explanation.

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Question 20

How does one's culture affect the development of a self-concept? Describe the results of research that has addressed the differences in the development of self-recognition and self-concept in individualistic and collectivist societies.

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