Question 1

Based upon current research findings, when is compensatory education most successful?

Accepted Answer

Compensatory education programs are most successful when parents are actively involved. This involvement can enhance the learning process, reinforce the educational content, and provide a supportive learning environment at home, which is crucial for the success of these programs.

Question 2

According to Thurstone, how should intelligence be conceptualized?

Accepted Answer

Thurstone proposed the theory of primary mental abilities, suggesting that intelligence consists of seven distinct but related abilities, rather than arising from a single general intelligence factor. These abilities are independent of one another, according to his theory.

Question 3

In contrast to Spearman and Thurstone's theories, how did Guilford depict intelligence in his structure-of-intellect model?

Accepted Answer

Guilford's structure-of-intellect model proposed that intelligence is composed of over 100 distinct primary mental abilities, categorizing them along three dimensions: operations, contents, and products. This contrasts with Spearman's view of intelligence as a single general ability and Thurstone's theory of a few primary mental abilities.

Question 4

Rory took the WISC-V and received a score of 92.What does Rory's score mean with respect to his test performance?

Accepted Answer

The WISC-V (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition) has a mean score of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. A score of 92 falls within the low average range, which typically includes scores from 90 to 109. It does not indicate more than a standard deviation below or above the mean, and the highest possible score on the WISC-V is not 50, but 160.

Question 5

In terms of intelligence, what does the s factor refer to?

Accepted Answer

The s factor, or specific intelligence, refers to an individual's ability to excel in a particular area or on a specific type of task or test, distinguishing it from the general intelligence factor, g, which applies broadly across different types of cognitive tasks.

Question 6

Which statement best summarizes the research findings regarding the correlation between home environment and IQ?

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that while genetic factors (such as a mother's IQ) play a significant role in a child's early development, the quality of the home environment becomes a more influential factor in predicting a child's IQ after age 4. This suggests that nurturing, stimulation, and educational opportunities provided in the home environment can significantly impact cognitive development beyond early childhood.

Question 7

Based on Charles Spearman's view of intelligence, what can be predicted about an individual's intellectual abilities?

Accepted Answer

Charles Spearman proposed the theory of general intelligence (g factor), suggesting that individuals who excel in one cognitive area are likely to excel in others due to a common underlying factor.

Question 8

Sergei has been studying music for three years.When he first started his studies he had a hard time describing musical pieces accurately, but now he is able to pick out the period, style, and genre of most pieces.According to Cattell, what type of intelligence is responsible for Sergei's current ability?

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence refers to the knowledge and skills that one acquires through experience and education. Sergei's ability to accurately describe musical pieces, including their period, style, and genre, is a result of his accumulated knowledge and understanding of music over three years of study, which is a characteristic of crystallized intelligence.

Question 9

Which statistical procedure is used to identify the separate abilities assessed by a test?

Accepted Answer

Factor analysis is used to identify the underlying variables, or factors, that explain the pattern of correlations within a set of observed variables, such as the different abilities assessed by a test.

Question 10

Which of the following best summarizes when the Bayley Scales of Infant Development are most useful?

Accepted Answer

The Bayley Scales of Infant Development are primarily used to monitor an infant's developmental progress and to identify potential neurological disorders, rather than predicting future IQ, measuring information-processing skills, or assessing temperament and attachment.

Question 11

In Arthur Jensen's classification scheme of intellectual abilities, what do Level II abilities include?

Accepted Answer

Level II abilities in Arthur Jensen's classification scheme refer to abstract reasoning skills and the ability to manipulate words and symbols to form concepts, distinguishing them from Level I abilities which are more related to simple information processing.

Question 12

Jenna and Sander's daughter is 6 months old.What would be the best way for Jenna and Sander to predict how their daughter will score on tests of intelligence later in childhood?

Accepted Answer

Measuring a baby's attention, rate of habituation, and preference for novelty has been shown to be a good predictor of later intelligence. These measures assess early cognitive processing skills that are foundational for later intellectual abilities.

Question 13

Madeline's intelligence quotient (IQ) was calculated using the formula proposed by Lewis Terman, and the result was less than 100.What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

Lewis Terman's formula for calculating IQ is based on the ratio of mental age to chronological age, multiplied by 100. If Madeline's IQ is less than 100, it means her chronological age is greater than her mental age, as the formula is (Mental Age / Chronological Age) * 100.

Question 14

Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence includes an information-processing component.This component corresponds most closely to which of the following theorists' conceptualizations of intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Sternberg's information-processing component in his triarchic theory of intelligence is most closely related to Cattell and Horn's concept of fluid intelligence. This component focuses on the mental processes involved in solving problems and adapting to new situations, which aligns with the definition of fluid intelligence as the ability to think and reason abstractly, effectively solving problems and adapting to new situations.

Question 15

Frasier is an athlete who won two gold medals at the last Olympic Games; however, he seems to have real problems when it comes to balancing his chequing account.Which theory of intelligence would best explain Frasier's different levels of performance on these tasks?

Accepted Answer

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences suggests that people have different kinds of intelligences, which can explain why someone might excel in one area (like sports) but struggle in another (like managing finances).

Question 16

Which statement best summarizes the research findings of Arthur Jensen regarding racial differences in intelligence?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement best summarizes the research findings...

Question 17

On the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, what does the motor scale assess?

Accepted Answer

The motor scale on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development assesses physical and motor development, including fine and gross motor skills such as throwing a ball and drinking from a cup.

Question 18

According to recent research, which of the following is the best predictor of IQ test performance and academic competency?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to recent research, which of the...

Question 19

What does convergent thinking require of an individual?

Accepted Answer

Convergent thinking involves focusing on finding a single, well-defined answer to a problem. It contrasts with divergent thinking, where multiple solutions are explored.

Question 20

Which of the following options meet the criteria that DSM-5 uses to classify an individual with deficits in reasoning, problem-solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, and learning from experience, acquired over the developmental period and causing adaptive functioning deficits?

Accepted Answer

The DSM-5 classifies an individual with deficits in reasoning, problem-solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, and learning from experience, which are acquired over the developmental period and cause adaptive functioning deficits, under the category of intellectual developmental disorder. This classification emphasizes both the intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits in conceptual, social, and practical domains.

Quiz 10: Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance