Question 1

Broadbent's original filter model was proposed to explain

Accepted Answer

Broadbent's filter model of attention, proposed in the 1950s, suggests that information is filtered at an early stage, allowing only one sensory input to be attended to at a time. This explains why it's difficult to focus on two conversations simultaneously.

Question 2

Cognition can be simply defined as

Accepted Answer

Cognition involves processes related to understanding, including perception, memory, judgment, and reasoning, which are all part of the acquisition of knowledge.

Question 3

What is the correct order of stages in an information-processing model?

Accepted Answer

The correct order in an information-processing model is sensory store, where information is briefly held; filter, where information is selected for further processing; and pattern recognition, where the information is identified and understood.

Question 4

What is the function of the sensory store?

Accepted Answer

The sensory store, part of the sensory memory system, briefly retains information from the senses (like sight and hearing) after the original stimuli have ended, extending the time for pattern recognition.

Question 5

Which term was not included in Neisser's definition of cognitive psychology?

Accepted Answer

Neisser's definition of cognitive psychology emphasizes active processes like transformation, elaboration, and storage, but does not include passive registration, which suggests a more inactive reception of information.

Question 6

Which of the following were not considered important in the development of cognitive psychology?

Accepted Answer

Franklin is not typically associated with the development of cognitive psychology. Miller, Chomsky, and Broadbent are all key figures whose work significantly contributed to the field.

Question 7

A book that had a major negative impact on the growth of cognitive psychology was

Accepted Answer

Watson's Behaviorism had a major negative impact on the growth of cognitive psychology because it rejected introspection and focused solely on observable behavior, sidelining the study of mental processes that cognitive psychology emphasizes.

Question 8

The information processing approach reflects ideas from

Accepted Answer

The information processing approach is often compared to the computer metaphor, where the human mind is likened to a computer in terms of how it processes information, stores data, and retrieves it.

Question 9

Top down processing is

Accepted Answer

Top down processing involves using prior knowledge, experiences, and expectations to interpret and understand sensory information.

Question 10

Short-term memory has the following limitations:

Accepted Answer

Short-term memory is limited by both duration, typically around 20 to 30 seconds without rehearsal, and capacity, often cited as 7 ± 2 items for most adults.

Question 11

The stimulus-response approach was encouraged by

Accepted Answer

Watson's Behaviorism is directly associated with the stimulus-response approach, emphasizing observable behaviors and their responses to stimuli, rather than internal mental states.

Question 12

Which of the following does not belong?

Accepted Answer

S-R (Stimulus-Response) is a concept from behaviorism, focusing on observable behaviors, while the others relate to cognitive processes and structures.

Question 13

In the information processing model, the role of the filter and the role of selection

Accepted Answer

The filter and the role of selection in the information processing model reflect aspects of attention, determining what information is attended to and processed further in the cognitive system.

Question 14

The "tip-of-the-tongue" phenomenon is an example of a failure of

Accepted Answer

The "tip-of-the-tongue" phenomenon is an example of a failure in the retrieval process, where the information is stored in the memory but cannot be accessed at the moment.

Question 15

The dominant theoretical approach to cognitive psychology today is

Accepted Answer

The information processing approach is the dominant theoretical framework in cognitive psychology today, emphasizing how people process, store, and retrieve information.

Question 16

Which of the stages represent attention according to the information-processing model presented in Chapter 1?

Accepted Answer

The information-processing model includes stages where attention plays a crucial role, particularly in filtering and selecting information to be processed further.

Question 17

Sensory processing is to _____ as meaning-based processing is to _____.

Accepted Answer

Sensory processing involves interpreting sensory input from the environment, which is an example of bottom-up processing. Meaning-based processing involves using existing knowledge to interpret and understand information, which is an example of top-down processing.

Question 18

Where do higher-order cognitive processes, such as solving problems, happen in the information-processing model described in Chapter 1?

Accepted Answer

In the information-processing model, higher-order cognitive processes like problem-solving are not assigned a separate stage; they are integrated into the overall functioning of the model, involving interactions between different memory systems and processes.

Question 19

When you use only sensory information to read/recognize a word, you are using

Accepted Answer

Bottom-up processing involves analyzing the smaller features to build up to a complete perception. When reading or recognizing a word using only sensory information (such as the letters and sounds), you are relying on bottom-up processing, where the analysis starts at the sensory level and works up to higher levels of processing.

Question 20

The sensory store

Accepted Answer

The sensory store, also known as sensory memory, maintains sensory information in its original sensory form for a very brief period, typically less than a second for visual information and a few seconds for auditory information. This allows individuals to process and perceive the world as a continuous stream rather than in disjointed fragments.

Quiz 1: Introduction