Question 1

Which conclusion about progress in leadership research is MOST accurate?
A) Most leadership studies have yielded useful knowledge.
B) Progress has been much faster than was initially expected.
C) Much has been learned about determinants of effective leadership.
D) Very little is known about the determinants of effective leadership.

Accepted Answer

Much has been learned about the determinants of effective leadership, as research has identified various traits, behaviors, and situational factors that contribute to effective leadership.

Question 2

Which type of research is LEAST likely to be useful for increasing our understanding of leadership at this point in the development of the field?
A) comparative case studies
B) same-source survey studies
C) field experiments
D) longitudinal field studies

Accepted Answer

Same-source survey studies are least likely to be useful because they often suffer from common method biases, which can inflate the relationships between leadership behaviors and outcomes, making it harder to discern true effects.

Question 3

Effective leaders are MOST likely to ________.
A) make important task decisions by themselves
B) help build consensus about objectives and strategies
C) make decisions that will benefit powerful stakeholders
D) emphasize individual rights over collective responsibility

Accepted Answer

Effective leaders often focus on building consensus among team members about objectives and strategies, as this approach fosters collaboration and ensures that everyone is aligned and committed to the common goals.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of most leadership research?
A) an emphasis on explanatory processes and mediating variables
B) an assumption of strong effects by heroic individual leaders
C) a focus on dyadic processes rather than collective processes
D) an assumption of unidirectional causality from leader to followers

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT characteristic...

Question 5

Which is LEAST likely to be a reason for the confused state of the leadership literature?
A) a proliferation of confusing terms and diverse definitions
B) the use of complex theories to explain leader influence
C) the reliance on weak methods for much of the research
D) the narrow focus of most empirical studies on leadership

Accepted Answer

Complex theories are often necessary to explain the multifaceted nature of leader influence, making them less likely to be a reason for confusion in leadership literature compared to the other options which directly contribute to the confused state by introducing inconsistencies and limitations in research scope and methodology.

Question 6

Convergence of findings from different research approaches in leadership ________.
A) has been a prime concern of most leadership theorists
B) has been extensively validated by empirical research
C) is entirely a matter of speculation by academic scholars
D) is facilitated by an integrating conceptual framework

Accepted Answer

An integrating conceptual framework helps to bring together and make sense of findings from different research approaches, facilitating convergence.

Question 7

________ empirical studies were conducted to understand effective leadership, but the results from most of this research are weak, inconsistent, and difficult to interpret.
A) A couple dozen
B) A few hundred
C) Several thousand
D) Almost one-hundred thousand

Accepted Answer

Several thousand empirical studies have been conducted on effective leadership, but the findings are often seen as weak, inconsistent, and hard to interpret due to the complexity and variability of leadership behaviors and contexts.

Question 8

The people who interact with a leader communicate ________ about appropriate behavior, and ________ are created by competing demands from different people (insiders versus outsiders, subordinates versus bosses).
A) role expectations; role conflicts
B) qualitative methods; quantitative methods
C) role conflicts; role expectations
D) quantitative methods; qualitative methods

Accepted Answer

Role expectations are communicated by the people who interact with a leader about appropriate behavior, and role conflicts arise from competing demands from different groups, such as insiders versus outsiders or subordinates versus bosses.

Question 9

Which conclusion about trends in leadership research over the last decade is NOT correct?
A) More varied research methods have been used to study leadership.
B) There is more research to test contingency theories of leadership.
C) More of the studies include variables from the different approaches.
D) There is more research on cross-cultural differences in leadership.

Accepted Answer

The incorrect conclusion about trends in leadership research over the last decade is that there is more research to test contingency theories of leadership. While there has been an increase in varied research methods, integration of variables from different approaches, and a focus on cross-cultural differences, the emphasis on testing contingency theories specifically has not been highlighted as a major trend compared to the others mentioned.

Question 10

What research method is used MOST often to study leadership effectiveness?
A) survey field studies
B) laboratory experiments
C) field experiments
D) intensive case studies

Accepted Answer

Survey field studies are most often used to study leadership effectiveness because they allow researchers to collect data from a large number of participants in their natural work environments, providing insights into real-world leadership practices and outcomes.

Question 11

Aspects of the leadership situation ________ a leader's activities and behavior.
A) minimally influence
B) strongly influence
C) do not at all influence
D) are incapable of influencing

Accepted Answer

Aspects of the leadership situation strongly influence a leader's activities and behavior. This is because the context in which leadership is exercised, including the team dynamics, organizational culture, and external environment, significantly affects how leaders act and make decisions.

Question 12

Employee talent is relevant for understanding effective leadership at the ________.
A) dyadic level only
B) group level only
C) organizational level only
D) dyadic, group, and organizational levels

Accepted Answer

Employee talent impacts leadership effectiveness at all levels within an organization, including dyadic (one-on-one relationships), group (teams), and organizational (the entire company) levels. Effective leadership must adapt and respond to the talents present at each of these levels to optimize performance and achieve organizational goals.

Question 13

The field of leadership has been in a state of ________ for decades.
A) ferment
B) stasis
C) balance
D) inertia

Accepted Answer

The term "ferment" is used metaphorically to describe a state of agitation or intense activity, which fits the context of the leadership field being in a dynamic and possibly transformative state over decades.

Question 14

Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a weakness in most leadership theory and research?
A) use of multiple methods to verify findings
B) overemphasis on dyadic processes
C) insufficient attention to explanatory processes
D) insufficient attention to the leadership context

Accepted Answer

The use of multiple methods to verify findings is generally considered a strength in research, including leadership theory and research, as it enhances the validity and reliability of the findings. The other options (B, C, D) are commonly cited weaknesses in leadership theory and research.

Question 15

Which of the following was NOT described as an essential theme for effective leadership?
A) strengthen the collective identity of followers
B) rely on followers to interpret events
C) promote social justice and morality
D) encourage and facilitate collective learning

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is B because effective leadership typically involves guiding followers in interpreting events and situations, rather than relying on followers to do so independently. Leaders are expected to provide direction, insights, and interpretations to help their followers navigate challenges and opportunities.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a common feature of leadership research?
A) studies that involve field experiments
B) surveys conducted in real organizations
C) studies conducted to test leadership theories
D) studies with subordinate ratings of leader behavior

Accepted Answer

Leadership research commonly includes surveys in real organizations, tests of leadership theories, and subordinate ratings of leader behavior. Field experiments, while used in some research, are less common due to practical and ethical considerations in manipulating leadership variables in real-world settings.

Question 17

What is the BEST conclusion about the current state of leadership theory?
A) Most of the theories are strongly supported by empirical research.
B) Most of the theories provide a good explanation of leadership processes.
C) Most of the theories are very comprehensive.
D) Most of the theories have not been adequately tested.

Accepted Answer

Most leadership theories, while offering valuable insights, have not been adequately tested through empirical research to fully validate their claims or effectiveness across different contexts or cultures.

Question 18

The implications of empowerment for effective leadership are MOST important for which level of leadership theory?
A) individual level
B) dyadic level
C) group level
D) organizational level

Accepted Answer

Empowerment is most important for organizational level leadership theory because it involves the delegation of power and authority to lower levels of the organization, which can lead to increased employee motivation, productivity, and innovation.

Question 19

Which is NOT true for the integrating conceptual model presented in this chapter?
A) The model includes the influence leader traits, power, and behavior.
B) The model allows for reciprocal influence processes between variables.
C) The model is supported by many studies that examine all the linkages.
D) The model applies to dyadic, group, and organizational levels of analysis.

Accepted Answer

The integrating conceptual model is comprehensive and includes various factors such as leader traits, power, and behavior, and it applies to different levels of analysis. However, it is unlikely that many studies have examined all the linkages within such a complex model, as this would require extensive and varied research efforts.

Question 20

What is the BEST conclusion about the results from the research on trait, behavior, and power-influence processes?
A) Each approach is so unique that the findings cannot be compared.
B) The findings are seldom statistically significant for any approach.
C) The findings from different approaches show substantial convergence.
D) The findings from different approaches are mostly inconsistent.

Accepted Answer

The findings from different approaches show substantial convergence, indicating that despite the differences in focus (trait, behavior, and power-influence), the results from research in these areas often align or agree with each other to a significant extent. This suggests a level of consistency and reliability across these varied approaches in understanding leadership and management practices.

Quiz 15: Overview and Integration

Which conclusion about progress in leadership research is MOST accurate?

Which type of research is LEAST likely to be useful for increasing our understanding of leadership at this point in the development of the field?

Effective leaders are MOST likely to ________.

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of most leadership research?

Which is LEAST likely to be a reason for the confused state of the leadership literature?

Convergence of findings from different research approaches in leadership ________.

________ empirical studies were conducted to understand effective leadership, but the results from most of this research are weak, inconsistent, and difficult to interpret.

The people who interact with a leader communicate about appropriate behavior, and are created by competing demands from different people (insiders versus outsiders, subordinates versus bosses) .

Which conclusion about trends in leadership research over the last decade is NOT correct?

What research method is used MOST often to study leadership effectiveness?

Aspects of the leadership situation ________ a leader's activities and behavior.

Employee talent is relevant for understanding effective leadership at the ________.

The field of leadership has been in a state of ________ for decades.

Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a weakness in most leadership theory and research?

Which of the following was NOT described as an essential theme for effective leadership?

Which of the following is NOT a common feature of leadership research?

What is the BEST conclusion about the current state of leadership theory?

The implications of empowerment for effective leadership are MOST important for which level of leadership theory?

Which is NOT true for the integrating conceptual model presented in this chapter?

What is the BEST conclusion about the results from the research on trait, behavior, and power-influence processes?