Question 1

Which is a guideline for discouraging intolerance and discrimination in an organization?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which is a guideline for discouraging intolerance...

Question 2

The extent to which people accept an unequal distribution of power and status in organizations and institutions is called uncertainty tolerance.

Accepted Answer

The extent to which people accept an unequal distribution of power and status in organizations and institutions is called power distance. Uncertainty tolerance refers to a society's tolerance for ambiguity and uncertainty.

Question 3

Cross-cultural leadership research is important because leaders must also be able to understand how people from different cultures view them and interpret their actions.

Accepted Answer

Understanding cultural differences is crucial for leaders to effectively communicate, motivate, and manage people from diverse backgrounds, ensuring their actions are interpreted as intended across cultural boundaries.

Question 4

Diversity and inclusion in an organization ________.

Accepted Answer

Diversity and inclusion expand the pool of talent an organization can draw from, bringing in a wide range of skills, perspectives, and experiences that can contribute to filling positions more effectively.

Question 5

________ can take many forms, including differences in race, ethnic identity, age, gender, education, physical appearance, socioeconomic level, sexual orientation, and differences associated with a person's generation.

Accepted Answer

Diversity encompasses the range of human differences, including but not limited to race, ethnicity, gender, age, social class, physical ability or attributes, religious or ethical values system, national origin, and political beliefs.

Question 6

Most studies find that women are more effective than men in leadership positions.

Accepted Answer

Most studies do not conclusively find that women are more effective than men in leadership positions; effectiveness can depend on various factors including context, industry, and individual skills.

Question 7

In a collectivistic culture, membership in cohesive in-groups is an important aspect of a person's self-identity, and loyalty to the group is important.

Accepted Answer

In collectivistic cultures, individuals often define themselves in terms of their group memberships and prioritize the goals, values, and well-being of their in-groups over personal interests, making loyalty to these groups a key aspect of their self-identity.

Question 8

Most studies on gender and leadership are focused on determining ________.

Accepted Answer

Most studies on gender and leadership primarily aim to determine if there is a difference between men and women in leadership roles, examining aspects such as leadership styles, effectiveness, and perceptions.

Question 9

One major problem related to the limitation of research on gender differences is the lack of a clear definition of ________.

Accepted Answer

The major problem in research on gender differences often stems from the lack of a clear and universally accepted definition of "gender." This ambiguity complicates studies and comparisons across different contexts and disciplines.

Question 10

Diversity training is a structural mechanism designed to uncover discrimination.

Accepted Answer

Diversity training is typically aimed at increasing awareness and understanding of diversity issues, promoting inclusivity, and reducing bias, rather than specifically uncovering discrimination.

Question 11

In societies with strong performance orientation values, people are emphasized more than results.

Accepted Answer

In societies with strong performance orientation values, results and achievements are emphasized more than people or relationships.

Question 12

If stereotypes about gender result in inflated differences when in reality there is little or no difference, this is an example of the influence of ________.

Accepted Answer

Differential role expectations refer to the preconceived notions or stereotypes about the roles and behaviors appropriate for different genders, which can lead to the perception of greater differences between genders than actually exist.

Question 13

A possible explanation for the glass ceiling phenomenon is higher standards of performance for men.

Accepted Answer

The glass ceiling phenomenon typically refers to the invisible barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing to the highest levels of leadership and management in organizations, often due to unconscious bias and systemic inequalities, not higher standards of performance for men.

Question 14

Which is a guideline for encouraging tolerance and appreciation in an organization?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which is a guideline for encouraging tolerance...

Question 15

Female candidates are likely to be rated as ________ qualified than male candidates for many types of leadership positions unless accurate information about each person's skill and experience is collected and used in the selection decision.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that, due to gender biases, female candidates are often rated as less qualified than male candidates for leadership positions unless objective and accurate information about their skills and experience is explicitly considered in the decision-making process.

Question 16

Which statement is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

The essential skills and behaviors for effective leadership can vary significantly across different situations, organizations, and cultures, making this statement not true. Leadership effectiveness often depends on the context and specific demands of the situation, rather than a one-size-fits-all set of skills and behaviors.

Question 17

Gender egalitarianism is the extent to which men and women receive equal treatment, and both masculine and feminine attributes are considered important and desirable.

Accepted Answer

Gender egalitarianism refers to the belief in the equal importance and value of all genders, advocating for equal rights, responsibilities, and opportunities for men, women, and gender-diverse individuals. It emphasizes the importance of both masculine and feminine attributes and seeks to ensure that individuals are not discriminated against on the basis of their gender.

Question 18

Societies with a strong humane orientation encourage and reward individuals for being friendly, caring, generous, and kind to others.

Accepted Answer

A strong humane orientation in societies indeed emphasizes and rewards behaviors that are friendly, caring, generous, and kind towards others, fostering a culture of compassion and altruism.

Question 19

The utility of meta-analyses for interpreting research on gender differences is ________ when the results in the published literature are not representative.

Accepted Answer

The utility of meta-analyses is limited when the results in the published literature are not representative because meta-analyses synthesize findings from existing studies, and if those studies are biased or unrepresentative, the conclusions drawn from the meta-analysis will also be flawed.

Question 20

A major issue is the extent to which leadership theories developed and tested in one culture can be generalized to different cultures.

Accepted Answer

Leadership theories often reflect the cultural values and norms of the societies in which they were developed, making their applicability across different cultural contexts a significant issue for both scholars and practitioners in the field of leadership studies.

Quiz 13: Cross-Cultural Leadership and Diversity