Question 1

The newborn state of ________ is defined as a period where the baby's eyes are open but they seem unfocused, and its arms and legs move in bursts of uncoordinated motions.
A) waking activity
B) alert inactivity
C) crying
D) sleeping

Accepted Answer

A

Question 2

Why is it important for a newborn baby's reflexes to be assessed both at birth and at regular intervals as they age?
A) Because research has shown that adequate reflexive activity at birth and through the first six months of life predict higher intelligence and greater academic success during adolescence.
B) Because an infant's reflexive activity serves as a means to help facilitate bonding with his or her parents, particularly if the mother is nursing.
C) Because the presence (and absence) of specific reflexes indicate that the nervous system is working properly and is developing without problems.
D) Because different cultures define a "healthy baby" differently based on the presence or absence of specific reflexes through the first year of life.

Accepted Answer

Assessing a newborn's reflexes both at birth and at regular intervals as they age is important because the presence (and absence) of specific reflexes indicate that the nervous system is working properly and is developing without problems. This helps identify any potential developmental delays or neurological issues early on and allows for early intervention if necessary.

Question 3

In order to assess the physical health of a newborn baby, an obstetrician would assign ratings according to the ________ scale. If the baby receives a score of 7 or higher, (s)he is considered to be in good physical condition.
A) Brazelton
B) Vineland
C) Apgar
D) Wechsler

Accepted Answer

The Apgar scale is commonly used by obstetricians to assess the physical health of a newborn baby. The scale, developed by Virginia Apgar, assigns ratings based on five criteria: appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration. Each criterion is rated on a scale of 0-2, and the scores are added up to determine the baby's overall score. If the baby receives a score of 7 or higher, (s)he is considered to be in good physical condition. Therefore, option C is the best choice.

Question 4

The newborn is to sleeping ________ hours at a time as the six-month old is to sleeping _______ hours at a time.
A) 3; 10-12
B) 1; 4
C) 4; 1
D) 10-12; 3

Accepted Answer

Newborns typically sleep for about 3 hours at a time, while six-month-olds can sleep for 10-12 hours at a time.

Question 5

If you were going to design a public service announcement (PSA) to run on television with the goal of reducing the incidence of SIDS, which of the following might be the motto of your piece?
A) Back to Sleep!
B) Sidestep SIDS!
C) Front and Center!
D) No Diaper, No Problem!

Accepted Answer

"Back to Sleep" is the established and proven slogan used to reduce the incidence of SIDS. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends placing infants on their backs to sleep as the safest position for reducing the risk of SIDS. Therefore, A is the best choice. B and C do not convey the recommended safe sleep position, and D is not relevant to SIDS prevention.

Question 6

Two-month-old Sheldon is sitting in his mother's arms. He is quietly looking around, and appears to be simply 'absorbing' his environment. He is attentive to sounds around him, and is very calm. Sheldon's current state would be described as
A) sleeping.
B) crying.
C) waking activity.
D) alert inactivity.

Accepted Answer

Sheldon is not sleeping or crying. He is not engaged in active waking activity such as playing or exploring. Instead, he is quietly taking in his surroundings and being attentive, which is indicative of alert inactivity.

Question 7

A very funny saying goes like this: "Why do people say I slept like a baby when babies wake up every hour during the night." Aside from the chuckle you may have gotten, what would you say about this quip based on your reading of the textbook?
A) It is inaccurate because babies tend to sleep for four to six hours at a time as early as two months of age.
B) It is inaccurate, since babies tend to sleep for about three hours, wake up for an hour, and then repeat the cycle.
C) It is actually rather accurate, since newborn babies tend to wake up every 30 to 60 minutes for the first month of life.
D) It is impossible to state whether this saying is accurate, since there is no predictable trend of sleep cycles in babies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A very funny saying goes like this:...

Question 8

When a baby is crying and is having difficult being soothed, many parents prefer to use a technique called _______. Seen in many cultures, including Turkey, Peru, and the United States, this method provides warmth and tactile stimulation that help to calm the baby.
A) the Babinski method
B) swaddling
C) nesting
D) rooting

Accepted Answer

Swaddling is the technique mentioned in the passage that provides warmth and tactile stimulation to soothe a crying baby. The Babinski method is a reflex test used to assess neurological development in infants, rooting is a reflex action when babies turn their head and open their mouth to search for the nipple, and nesting is not a commonly known technique for soothing a crying baby.

Question 9

The NBAS assesses the functions of children using 28 behavioral items and 18 reflexive tests that are combined into four systems. Which of the following is not one of those systems?
A) parasympathetic
B) autonomic
C) motor
D) state

Accepted Answer

The NBAS includes four systems: motor, state, attention/interaction, and self-regulation. The parasympathetic and autonomic nervous systems are not separate systems in the NBAS, but instead influence the functioning of the other four systems.

Question 10

Who is at greatest risk of falling victim to sudden infant death syndrome?
A) Bridget, who is two years old
B) Leslie, who is nine months old
C) Tina, who is three months old
D) Jon, who is five years old

Accepted Answer

The risk of sudden infant death syndrome is highest in children under one year of age, particularly between 2 and 4 months old. Therefore, Tina, who is three months old, is at the greatest risk.

Question 11

Your textbook discusses three different types of cries that a baby can produce. Which of the following is not one of them?
A) the basic cry
B) the mad cry
C) the hunger cry
D) the pain cry

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your textbook discusses three different types of...

Question 12

The ________ scale is to the physical health of a newborn child as the ________ scale is to a comprehensive evaluation of children from birth through two years of age.
A) Neonatal Behavioral Assessment
B) Apgar; Neonatal Behavioral Assessment
C) Vineland; Stanford-Binet
D) Stanford-Binet; Vineland

Accepted Answer

The Apgar scale is used to quickly assess the physical health of a newborn child immediately after birth, focusing on five simple criteria. The Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale, on the other hand, is used for a more comprehensive evaluation of newborns and infants up to two months of age, assessing a wide range of developmental aspects.

Question 13

Barbara is preparing a cup of coffee in her kitchen, when she hears her newborn daughter crying from the other room. The cry is marked by a sudden long burst of noise, followed by a long pause and gasping. Barbara's daughter is making the ________ cry.
A) basic
B) hunger
C) pain
D) mad

Accepted Answer

The sudden long burst of noise, followed by a long pause and gasping, is a typical description of a pain cry in newborn infants. The cry is often high-pitched and can sound intense or urgent. A hunger cry, on the other hand, is usually more rhythmic and repetitive. A mad cry may have a louder and more insistent quality, while a basic cry is a more generalized and subdued type of cry that doesn't indicate a specific need or distress.

Question 14

Why are African-American babies twice as likely to die from SIDS?
A) They are more genetically predisposed to the disease.
B) They are more likely to have blood diseases that predispose them to SIDS.
C) Their parents are less intelligent than other parents.
D) They are more likely to be put to bed on their stomachs.

Accepted Answer

African-American parents are more likely to put their babies to sleep on their stomachs, which is a known risk factor for SIDS.

Question 15

Which of the following individuals has the lowest risk of dying from SIDS?
A) Chin, who is of Japanese descent
B) Martin, who was born prematurely
C) Malley, whose parents both smoke cigarettes
D) Jean, who sleeps face down, on her stomach

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that babies of Asian descent have the lowest risk of SIDS, while babies of African-American descent have the highest risk.

Answer: C) Malley, whose parents both smoke cigarettes 
 Exposure to cigarette smoke increases the risk of SIDS.

Answer: D) None of the options, as sleeping face down, on the stomach, increases the risk of SIDS. 
 The recommended sleep position for babies to reduce the risk of SIDS is on their back. Being placed to sleep on their stomach or side increases the risk.

Therefore, the best choice is A) Chin, who is of Japanese descent.

Question 16

Roughly half of a newborn's sleep time is spent in the ________ stage.
A) rapid eye movement (REM)
B) nonREM-1
C) nonREM-2
D) nonREM-3

Accepted Answer

According to research, newborns spend approximately 50% of their sleep time in the REM stage, which is characterized by rapid eye movements, muscle relaxation, and vivid dreaming. The other half of their sleep time is divided between the three stages of non-REM sleep.

Question 17

A(n) ________ refers to an unlearned response that is triggered by a specific stimulation.
A) reflex
B) reaction
C) unconditioned association
D) action

Accepted Answer

A reflex is a response that does not need to be learned, but is triggered automatically by a specific stimulus. For example, the knee-jerk reflex occurs when the doctor taps the patellar tendon just below the kneecap, causing the leg to quickly jump forwards.

Question 18

Despite widespread efforts to educate new parents about the safest position for their babies to sleep in, ________ infants still had the highest incidence of SIDS-related deaths.
A) Native American
B) African American
C) Asian American
D) Hispanic American

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that African American infants have a higher risk of SIDS-related deaths compared to infants of other racial/ethnic groups, even when socioeconomic factors and other potential risk factors are taken into account.

Question 19

Dr. Spatz has just delivered a baby girl, and is now going to assess her physical health using the Apgar scale. Which of the following won't he rate as part of this evaluation?
A) her heart rate
B) her muscle tone
C) her number of fingers and toes
D) her skin tone

Accepted Answer

The Apgar scale does not include an assessment of the number of fingers and toes. It assesses heart rate, muscle tone, skin tone, breathing effort, and reflex irritability.

Question 20

Leonard is changing his 4-month-old son's diaper, and afterwards he gets him into his pajamas. While easing the little guy's foot into the sleeper, he inadvertently strokes the boy's foot and is surprised to see the toes immediately fan out. He does it again to the other foot, and gets the same response. Leonard has accidently stumbled upon his son's ________ reflex.
A) rooting
B) palmar
C) Moro
D) Babinski

Accepted Answer

The Babinski reflex is elicited by stroking the sole of the foot, and causes the toes to fan out and the big toe to extend upward. This reflex is present in infants and is a sign of a healthy nervous system.

Quiz 3: Tools for Exploring the World: Physical, Perceptual, and Motor Development

The newborn state of ________ is defined as a period where the baby's eyes are open but they seem unfocused, and its arms and legs move in bursts of uncoordinated motions.

Why is it important for a newborn baby's reflexes to be assessed both at birth and at regular intervals as they age?

In order to assess the physical health of a newborn baby, an obstetrician would assign ratings according to the ________ scale. If the baby receives a score of 7 or higher, (s) he is considered to be in good physical condition.

The newborn is to sleeping __ hours at a time as the six-month old is to sleeping _ hours at a time.

If you were going to design a public service announcement (PSA) to run on television with the goal of reducing the incidence of SIDS, which of the following might be the motto of your piece?

Two-month-old Sheldon is sitting in his mother's arms. He is quietly looking around, and appears to be simply 'absorbing' his environment. He is attentive to sounds around him, and is very calm. Sheldon's current state would be described as

A very funny saying goes like this: "Why do people say I slept like a baby when babies wake up every hour during the night." Aside from the chuckle you may have gotten, what would you say about this quip based on your reading of the textbook?

When a baby is crying and is having difficult being soothed, many parents prefer to use a technique called _______. Seen in many cultures, including Turkey, Peru, and the United States, this method provides warmth and tactile stimulation that help to calm the baby.

The NBAS assesses the functions of children using 28 behavioral items and 18 reflexive tests that are combined into four systems. Which of the following is not one of those systems?

Who is at greatest risk of falling victim to sudden infant death syndrome?

Your textbook discusses three different types of cries that a baby can produce. Which of the following is not one of them?

The scale is to the physical health of a newborn child as the scale is to a comprehensive evaluation of children from birth through two years of age.

Barbara is preparing a cup of coffee in her kitchen, when she hears her newborn daughter crying from the other room. The cry is marked by a sudden long burst of noise, followed by a long pause and gasping. Barbara's daughter is making the ________ cry.

Why are African-American babies twice as likely to die from SIDS?

Which of the following individuals has the lowest risk of dying from SIDS?

Roughly half of a newborn's sleep time is spent in the ________ stage.

A(n) ________ refers to an unlearned response that is triggered by a specific stimulation.

Despite widespread efforts to educate new parents about the safest position for their babies to sleep in, ________ infants still had the highest incidence of SIDS-related deaths.

Dr. Spatz has just delivered a baby girl, and is now going to assess her physical health using the Apgar scale. Which of the following won't he rate as part of this evaluation?